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| Author(s): |
Carolina Gomes Benevenuto
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2012-08-30 |
| Examining board members: |
Lorena Rigo Gaspar Cordeiro;
Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes;
Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
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| Advisor: | Lorena Rigo Gaspar Cordeiro |
| Abstract | |
Due to consumer health concern, many cosmetic formulations has been supplemented by UVfilters and antioxidants such as vitamins, for the protection of UV-induced skin damages; however, the use of photounstable combinations can lead to the formation of reactive intermediates which may induce contact dermatitis and phototoxic reactions in the skin, which leads to the necessity of proving the safety of these products before exposure to solar radiation. There is a great effort by the scientific community to promote the alternatives to animal testing, whereas the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test in cultured fibroblasts has been validated and recommended for this purpose. The objective of this project was to evaluate the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreen formulations containing different combinations of photostabilizers and UV-filters, combined with retinol and retinyl palmitate, by using HPLC and fibroblast cultures, respectively. For this purpose, sunscreen formulations developed with different UV-filters were added or not of retinol or retinyl palmitate, and photostabilizers, which are used to improve the photostability. Firstly, samples of the formulations were applied on glass slides and exposed to UVA / UVB radiation, then, they were analyzed by HPLC, to determine the concentration of UV-filters and vitamins, and by UV spectrophotometry, to determine the UVA / UVB absorption ratio. Phototoxicity of combinations of UV-filters, photostabilizers and vitamins was evaluated by using the 3T3 fibroblast cultures, which was exposed to UV radiation for the determination of cell viability in the presence and absence of radiation. The obtained results suggested that, in the HPLC study, bemotrizinol was considered the best photostabilizer for both vitamins. In the UV spectrophotometry study, formulations containing avobenzone / vitamins were considered photounstable, and only bemotrizinol increased photostability of avobenzone combined with both vitamins. In the phototoxicity study, avobenzone, diethylhexylnaphthalate and retinol showed phototoxic potential. The combinations containing avobenzone / retinyl palmitate and avobenzone / retinol were considered phototoxic. The presence of the stabilizer diethylhexylnaphthalate reduced the phototoxic potential of avobenzone / vitamins combinations and the presence of bemotrizinol reduces the phototoxic potencial of avobenzone / retinyl palmitate combination. The results of the present study are promissory since some combinations that were considered photostable presented phototoxic potential, showing the importance of performing both studies in the development / evaluation of stable and safe sunscreen formulations. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 10/01102-3 - Evaluation of photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreen formulations containing a combination of UV-filters and vitamin A |
| Grantee: | Carolina Gomes Benevenuto Moreira |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |