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| Author(s): |
Claudio Hanashiro Barbosa Silva
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2013-07-26 |
| Examining board members: |
Marcia Laudelina Arruda Temperini;
Koiti Araki;
Italo Odone Mazali;
Susana Ines Cordoba de Torresi;
Everaldo Carlos Venancio
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| Advisor: | Marcia Laudelina Arruda Temperini; Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino |
| Abstract | |
This thesis presents spectroscopic characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials of polyaniline (PANI), a conducting polymer, and hexaniobate, a semiconducting metal oxide. The hybrid materials were prepared by different routes, which used nanoparticles of exfoliated hexaniobate (nanosheets or nanoscrolls), and PANI previously prepared (ex-situ routes), or by aniline polymerization in the presence of hexaniobate (in-situ routes). The main characterization techniques were resonance Raman (RR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mass spectrometry coupled-thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-MS). However, other techniques such as electronic UV-VIS-NIR and vibrational infrared spectroscopies, and X-ray diffractometry were also employed to support the characterization and results. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PANI is adsorbed on the hexaniobate nanoscrolls in the hybrid materials prepared by different routes, such as layer-by-layer assembly, mixture of dispersions of the components, or in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of the hexaniobate nanoparticles. According to spectroscopic data, such morphologies promote higher doping degrees (protonation) of the polymer comparing with pure PANI (pristine PANI), associated to strong interactions between PANI and hexaniobate, which presents high acidic surfaces. The spectroscopic data also revealed that the electronic delocalization of the polaronic segments, and the relative populations of polarons and bipolarons are affected in the presence of hexaniobate, indicating that the interactions between the components may also induce conformational changes on the polymeric chains. By RR spectroscopy using different exciting radiations, it was possible to identify the chromophoric segments produced during aniline oligo/polymerization in media of different pHs than that used in conventional procedures for preparation of PANI (hydrochloric acid, 1 mol L-1). It was shown that the major product is 1,4-benzoquinone-monoimine moieties coupled to aminophenyl moieties, resulting in complex structures named aniline adducts. Moreover, RR spectroscopy was very useful for the identification of phenazine-type segments and polaron segments as minor reaction products. When aniline-APS reactions are performed in the presence of hexaniobate, \"aniline adducts\" are also the major products, but RR spectra showed that there is higher formation of polaron segments of PANI. Such results were associated to the high acidic surface of hexaniobate, showing once again the important role of the inorganic component to determine the structure of the hybrid materials. The investigation on the electrochromic properties of the layer-by-layer hybrid films showed intense color variation at different regions of the visible spectrum, and higher electrochromic efficiencies comparing with the films composed but only hexaniobate or PANI, indicating the promising features for development of electrochromic devices. The improvement of thermal properties of the hybrid materials was verified by TGA-MS data and Raman spectra, which clearly showed that PANI in the presence of hexaniobate remains in the doped form after thermal treatment (150 °C for 90 min), while the pristine polymer undergoes a dedoping process. These features are considered important for the development of devices which depend on the thermal processing of the materials. (AU) | |