The re(existence) of the artisanal coastal fishing and the traditional caiçara community of Barra do Una Sustainable Development Reserve (Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brazil): an ethno-oceanographic approach to detail interactions

Author(s)

Mariana Santos Lobato Martins

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto Oceanográfico (IO/DIDC)
• Defense date: 2021-06-16

Examining board members

Maria de los Angeles Gasalla; Roberto Adrian Ribaric; Tatiana Walter

• Advisor: Maria de los Angeles Gasalla

Abstract

In the Atlantic Rainforest biome of the state of São Paulo, the region of Juréia is an example of popular mobilization by traditional caiçaras populations in defense of their rights. The first mosaic of protected areas (PA) is located within this region, where the community of Barra do Una is overlaid by the Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR) Barra do Una. Artisanal fishing is an important traditional activity for local livelihoods, which occurs in an area encompassed by four different state coastal PA. Thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize the artisanal fishing system and its interactions between the fishing territory in the dimension of resouces capture, the coastal-marine environment and the PAs, according to an ethno-oceanographic approach, as well as identifying socio-environmental conflicts in territorial management instruments. Different techniques of data collection were used: participant observation, interviews, participatory mapping and documental analysis. The community\'s traditional fishing system was found to be heterogeneous and complex. The type of vessel, fishers, target species, fishing areas and gears were identified. The fishing territory extends across the entire estuarine area of Una do Prelado River, riverine area and up to 12 m depth in the coastal zone. Rede de espera and lanço de caratinga were the main traditional fishing gears in the estuarine and riverine zones, while caceio, rede de fundo and picaré in the coastal area. These gears are used to capture the main target stocks, mullets, snook, catfish, mojarra, whitemouth croaker, whitefish and sharks. The meteooceanographic aspects and the ethno-oceanographic cycles determine the spatiality, temporality and operation of the ten distinct fishing gears found. The ethno-oceanographic knowledge, three-dimensional notions of the environment, the tenure system and kinship are central to traditionality of the fishing territory. Environmental conflicts of territorial and distributive types have been identified between the traditional fishing community and the PA, mainly with the SDR. The central issues were: problems when self-declaring belonging to the traditional community, restrictions to fishing areas, especially in the riverine zone, bureaucracy for constructions and renovations, difficulty of access to rights and territorial management, and the only partial recognition of fishing territories. Nevertheless, the community seems re-territorializing in processes of collective mobilization and re-articulation of local organizations. Territorial fisheries management based on the traditional knowledge of local communities appears to be a promising alternative to the conservation of sociobiodiversity in the coastal zone, and requires detailed studies of the local techniques. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/20115-3 - The artisanal fishery activity and the traditional caiçara community of sustainable development reserve of Barra do Una (SP): an ethno-oceanographic approach to detail interactions
• Grantee: Mariana Santos Lobato Martins
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master