Chronic maternal ingestion fat diet: effect on renal function, glucose metabolism and blood pressure of offspring

Author(s)

Noemí Angélica Vieira Roza

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• Defense date: 2011-08-30

Examining board members

Jose Antonio Rocha Gontijo; Flávia Fernandes Mesquita; Terezila Machado Coimbra

• Advisor: Adrianne Christine Palanch; Jose Antonio Rocha Gontijo

Abstract

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and obesity is associated with increased calorie intake of food due to changes in dietary patterns in recent decades. The relationship between a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and hypertension is widely accepted. Eating high-fat diet during pregnancy can induce in the offspring in adulthood, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity, classic symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome, also increasingly present in children and adolescents. Additionally, exposure to high-fat diet can increase the protein expression of inflammatory pathway such as JNK, IKK?, I?B, NF-?B. This study examined the impact of prenatal treatment on renal function, inflammation and glucose metabolism in the kidney as an important component in blood pressure elevation in the offspring of females fed high-fat diet. Female rats were fed a diet with 60% fat from weaning, during pregnancy and lactation, and this is evidenced by the experimental model of the metabolic profile. Females had lower weight gain during the entire period, despite having a higher caloric intake. After eight weeks of diet, rats showed changes in renal function, decreased excretion of potassium and insulin resistance, associated with elevated blood pressure. The male offspring of these females were studied at different ages. The animals were born with lower body mass, and even after weaning, less weight gain continued until the 16th week of life. The glomerular filtration and increased sodium reabsorption in the kidney increased significantly at week 16 of life. Moreover, at this age, the offspring of males showed insulin resistance and increased protein expression of inflammatory pathway of NF-?B. In consequence of these changes there was an increase in blood pressure from 8 weeks of age. This study showed that chronic ingestion of maternal high-fat diet leads to changes in control mechanisms of blood pressure in adult offspring (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/13296-0 - Functional renal studies in rats from females fed fat-rich diets in pregnancy
• Grantee: Noemí Angélica Vieira Roza
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master