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| Author(s): |
Julian Andrés Muñoz
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Pirassununga. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Zootecnica e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZE/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2022-07-07 |
| Examining board members: |
Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira;
Lizandra Amoroso;
Daniel Rodrigues Cardoso;
Daniel Emygdio de Faria Filho;
Mirele Daiana Poleti;
Marco Antonio Trindade
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| Advisor: | Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira; Cristiane Soares da Silva Araujo |
| Abstract | |
We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and manganese (Mn) on performance, carcass, meat, and bone quality characteristics of broilers. In addition, identify changes in metabolic profiles related to muscle development and incidence of white striping myopathy. A total of 1152 Cobb male chicks were housed for 47 days and distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement: four doses of chondroitin sulfate (0.00, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.18%) and three levels of manganese (0, 40, and 80 mg/kg), totaling 12 treatments of eight replicates with 12 birds each. Performance characteristics and carcass yields were calculated. In the deboning process, breast samples were collected to verify the incidence of white striping myopathy and then assess the physicochemical quality and morphometry in pectoral muscle. Likewise, the tibiotarsus were removed to determine density, mineral content, morphometric attributes, and chondrocytes number. For the metabolomic analysis, eight breast samples from chicks receiving the diets of 0.12% CS and 80 mg/kg Mn and eight samples from the control treatment (0.00% CS with 0 mg/kg Mn) were collected, for determination of differences in the metabolic profile of by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. It was observed that regardless of CS or Mn levels added to the diets, breasts were classified as having moderate white striping myopathy. The levels of CS and Mn did not influence the performance at 47 days old. The factors also did not affect carcass yield, morphometric characteristics, cooking losses, shear force, percentage of oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, saturated fatty acid content, collagen, and proximate composition of the pectoral muscles (P>0.05). Likewise, treatment levels did not influence the mineral composition, bone density, phosphorus and manganese content, absolute weight, diaphysis circumference, and the number of chondrocytes in the tibiotarsal cartilage (P>0.10). There was an increase in the performance of the birds up until 28 days, as the CS level increased (P<0.05). The 0.18% of CS increased breast yield, a*, b* content, and percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids. Diets with 0.12% CS increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids and decrease the breast\'s luminosity (L*). Likewise, supplementation with CS at 0.12% increases the Seedor index, bone area, relative weights, and lengths. Also, birds were fed 40 mg/kg Mn increased the calcium content and bone area (P<0.10). According to the ¹H-NMR data, the pectoral muscle of birds showed a metabolism towards the glycolytic pathways, with the presence of high concentrations of lactate, carnosine, creatine, and alanine. The supplementation of broilers with CS and Mn showed improvement in the growth of the birds, influencing the lipid composition and thrombogenic index of the pectoral muscle. In addition, the additives can change the calcium content, breaking strength, and morphometric traits of the bone structure of birds. Also, supplementation of broilers with CS and Mn possibly contributed to the reduction of breast muscle stress, activating metabolites related to mitochondrial protection and cell repair, and decreasing muscle protein degradation associated with myopathy. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 18/09012-5 - Glycosaminoglycans and manganese influence the performance and characteristics of carcass, meat and bones in broiler chickens. |
| Grantee: | Julian Andres Munoz |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |