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| Author(s): |
Rafaela Lopes Falaschi
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. , ilustrações. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2008-03-24 |
| Examining board members: |
Dalton de Souza Amorim;
Carlos José Einicker Lamas;
Vera Cristina Silva
|
| Advisor: | Dalton de Souza Amorim |
| Field of knowledge: | Biological Sciences - Zoology |
| Indexed in: | Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP-DEDALUS |
| Location: | Universidade de São Paulo. Biblioteca Central do Campus de Ribeirão Preto; FFCLRP/Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes |
| Abstract | |
Ditomyiidae, included by some authors in the family Mycetophilidae s.l. as a subfamily, is a small clade of the infraorder Bibionomorpha, placed within the Mycetophiliformia. Mycetophiliformia is relatively well represented in the fossil record of the Jurassic (144 million years ago), while the oldest record of ditomids is from the Eocene (52 million years ago). According to recent topologies, the Ditomyiidae form a monophyletic group with Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae and Keroplatidae.Fifteen genera are now accepted for the family, with about 107 species described for the world, except for Afrotropical region. Among those genera, Melosymmerus Munroe has an exclusively neotropical distribution, which, together with Calosymmerus Munroe, is genera sister to Australosymmerus Freeman, which has circum-antarctic distribution. The above mentioned have Symmerus Walker as sister-group, of holartic distribution, composing the Symmerinae. This is quite characteristic of groups fragmented by the process of tectonics of plates, generating intercontinental disjunction by vicariance. The Ditomyiinae include the following genera: Ditomyia, Asioditomyia, Nervijuncta, Rhipidita and Calliceratomyia, with a similar distribution in the world. There are ten described species for Melosymmerus seven of Brazil, one of Ecuador and two of Mexico. Eight new species of Melosymmerus are described in this work for the Neotropical region, collected with Malaise traps along the Atlantic Forest. Brazilian species are redescribed, a key for species of the genus handled and a catalog organized. Specimens of M. bororo were identified from Salesópolis and Ribeirão Preto, in the state of São Paulo, as well as specimens of M. bisetosus, in the states of Paraná and Minas Gerais. In a phylogenetic analysis of the relationships among the species of the genus, a strict consensus of nine cladograms more parciomonious is obtained. In the literature, Melosymmerus is accepted to be sister of Calosymmerus. In this analysis, Melosymmerus appeared paraphyletic in relation to Calosymmerus, suggesting that Calosymmerus can be considered a subjective junior synonym of Melosymmerus. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 05/56185-2 - Revision and analysis filogenética of Melosymmerus (Diptera, Bibionomorpha, Ditomyiidae) |
| Grantee: | Rafaela Lopes Falaschi |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |