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| Author(s): |
Kátia Nicolau Matsui
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Politécnica (EP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2006-08-16 |
| Examining board members: |
Carmen Cecilia Tadini;
Maria Alice Zarur Coelho;
Jorge Andrey Wilhelms Gut;
Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira;
Flávio Luís Schmidt
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| Advisor: | Carmen Cecilia Tadini |
| Abstract | |
In this work a focused microwave oven (CEM, Star System 2) and an adapted domestic microwave oven (CCE, MW - 850) were employed to reduce POD and PPO activity using batch and continuous processing. In a batch processing an optic fiber sensor was kept in direct contact with the samples, thus precise temperature as a function of time profiles were obtained as well as the kinetic parameters (D and z) in the range between 50 and 100°C. In the continuous processing temperature data were obtained by type T thermocouples in the entrance and exit of the microwave oven cavity in the range between 66 and 90°C. Simulated solutions (water; water/sugars; water/salts; water/sugars/salts) and sterile coconut water were formulated with addition of commercial POD and PPO and were exposed to batch processing by microwaves to evaluate the influence of the main chemical substances present in coconut water on the enzymatic activity. Commercial enzymes in the simulated solutions followed a first order order kinetic model. D and z values were: PPO/water (D93°C = 16 s, z = 35.5 °C), PPO/sugars (D91°C = 18 s, z = 33.0 °C), POD/water (D91,5°C = 44 s, z = 24.0 °C), POD/sugars (D92°C = 21 s, z = 19.5 °C), PPO/sterile coconut water (D84,45ºC = 43 s, z = 39.5 °C) and POD/ sterile coconut water (D86,54ºC = 20 s, z = 19.3 ºC). Added salts influenced commercial PPO and POD stability and significantly reduced their activity. In coconut water the enzymes were more thermally resistant when compared to the simulated solution presenting D92,9°C = 52 s and z = 17.6 °C for PPO and D92,9°C = 16 s and z = 11.5 °C for POD. In continuous processing PPO inactivation followed a first order kinetic model and the results were similar to those obtained in the batch processing. POD didn´t present residual activity at exit temperatures above 88 ºC. Below 77 ºC residual activity was close to that of the POD/coconut water treated by batch processing. An important fact is that for all assays with coconut water, wether batch or continuous process was employed, no pink color (that is attributed to enzyme activity) was observed. Besides this study has shown that thermal treatment by microwaves was more efficient than conventional thermal treatment in reducing PPO and POD activity in coconut water, therefore microwaves are an interesting alternative for conservation of this food. (AU) | |