Insulin resistance during pregnancy and lactation in Wistar rats: influence on glucose and insulin metabolism in the adult offspring

Author(s)

Daniela Araujo Mirandola

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD)
• Defense date: 2007-12-14

Examining board members

Joel Claudio Heimann; Lucia da Conceição Andrade; Rui Toledo Barros; Terezila Machado Coimbra; Fabio Bessa Lima

• Advisor: Joel Claudio Heimann

Abstract

Many studies observed a correlation between diseases in adult subjects and the environment during the fetal life. Barker and coworkers hypothesized that there is a possible intrauterine enviroment association with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The mechanisms responsible for this association are still not very well known. Recently, we have verified that low-salt diet consumption, a well-known model of insulin resistance, during pregnancy and lactation is associated with a lower insulin sensitivity in the adult offspring. Since insulin resistance during pregnancy leads to many metabolic alterations in the adult offspring, we suppose that sucrose overload during pregnancy and lactation could influence the offspring development. The aim of this study was to verify the effects on adult offspring of insulin resistance during pregnancy and lactation. Female Wistar rats were fed low (LSD) and normal-salt diet (NSD) supplemented or not with sucrose (SUC - 20 g/dL) or maltodextrin (MALTO - 20 g/dL) until the end of pregnancy and lactation. Lower birth weight was observed in offspring of LSD, SUC and MALTO groups. Higher plasma insulin level, blood pressure and glucose uptake was detected in the adult SUC female offspring. SUC male offspring had lower adiposity index and higher gene expression of the renal renin-angiotensin components. These results show that carbohydrate overload during pregnancy and lactation is associated with alterations in birth weight and in insulin metabolism at adult life. It is possible that the maternal renin-angiotensin system activation by the carbohydrate overload is associated with alterations in the same system observed in the adult offspring. (AU)