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| Author(s): |
Maria Claudia Mendes Sorreano
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2006-12-15 |
| Examining board members: |
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues;
Janice Guedes de Carvalho;
Sergius Gandolfi;
Reges Heinrichs;
Takashi Muraoka
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| Advisor: | Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues |
| Abstract | |
The working hypothesis of this research is that native forest species have different nutritional demands and show diverse response to the nutritional stress, and that addition of nutrients could be an important factor for the success of projects designed for the recovery of forests. This work had the goal of assessing both the nutritional requirements and the effect of the deficiences of macro and micronutrients on native species of various successional groups more extensively used in the recovery of degraded areas of the State of São Paulo. The following species were studied: pioneer and secondary - Tapirira guianensis, Ceiba speciosa, Cecropia pachystachya, Croton urucurana, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus, Acacia polyphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Inga uruguensis, Guazuma ulmifolia, Aegiphila sellowiana, Cytharexyllum myrianthum; secondary late and climax - Astronium graveolens, Myroxylon peruiferum, Hymenaea courbaril, Cariniana legalis, Esenbeckia leiocarpa, Genipa americana. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse with thirteen treatments with three replicates under a completely randomized design. The technique of diagnosis by subtraction was used with the following treatments for all species: complete, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn. Young plants were grown in nutrient solution in 2L pots. The following variables were evaluated: height, diameter, number of leaves and branches, dry matter both in tops and roots, nutrient content in the dry matter. Changes in ultrastructure caused by the deficiencies of nutrients in Ceiba speciosa, was observed by the technique of electron microscopy. Main conclusions were as follows: 1) The omission of nutrients caused symptoms of deficiency. The first to show up were due to lack lack of B, Fe, Cu and Zn, being followed by N, P and K; 2) The starter plants species were more sensitive to the deficiencies showing symptoms earlier than species of slow rate of growth; 3) When the species are grouped independently of the ecological group their belong to, it is seem that there is a common denominator among them, that is to say, treatments with omission on N, Ca, B, Cu, Zn affected most height, stem diameter, number of branchs and of leaves. On the other hand dry matter wield was more affected by lack of N, Cu, Fe, Zn; 4) The variation in the leaf content of the various nutrients very likely reflects differences in requirements there of; 5) Omissions of both macro and micronutrients caused changes in the ultrastructure of Ceiba speciosa related to the visual symptoms of deficiency; 6) This study is to be considerate of a preliminary nature for field work designed to set up programs of correction and fertilization for the various species. (AU) | |