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| Author(s): |
Thais Rovere Diniz Reis
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2012-03-02 |
| Examining board members: |
Eliana Reiko Matushima;
Peter Gransden Crawshaw Junior;
Luciano Martins Verdade
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| Advisor: | Eliana Reiko Matushima |
| Abstract | |
Although the state of Sao Paulo has a small area of native vegetation, mainly fragmented, isolated and highly immersed in agricultural matrices on private properties, it still lodges a considerable number of wild species, also on these commercial areas. For elaboration of ecologically correct manegement plans, it´s necessary to select (1) key-species, as carnivore mammals; (2) species primary ecological factors, as diet and space use; and (3) representative areas of space-temporal exploration of the land, as Angatuba does on Sao Paulo. This study was carried out at Fazenda Três Lagoas and its surrounding between May 2008 and June 2010, and encloses three distinct but linked subjects. The first chapter is a general introduction of those subjects. The second one evaluates, in those four adjacent farms, domestic carnivores exposition to infectious agents of parvovirosis, rabies, canine distemper and leptospirosis through serologic examinations. The prevalence of contact of those pathological agents, in the 13 dogs, were 100%, 80%, 23% and 15.4%, respectively. The positive reactions to some of these agents and serovares show that those domestic dogs had contact to other hosts, as some of them do not compose vaccines. It shows the importance of its detention in wildlife and in the environment aiming to elaborate an effective sanitary management for economy and human health and for wildlife conservation. In the third chapter the diet of 12 species of carnivorous mammals were investigated through analysis of 524 scats collected on Fazenda Três Lagoas and Fazenda Arca. Carnivore mammals on these area have omnivores\' food habits, with some modifications on diet in comparison with those in preserved areas, consuming in a great amount small rodents, fruits and insects. The competition, although weak, occurs among the domestic and wild species. In a complementary way, it was verified that the animals use more areas closer to native vegetation than inside matrix and that some species use areas restricted to native environment. This study suggests that these landscapes only lodge species with more plastic habits and that silvicultural matrix is permeable to some predators. In the forthy chapter, it was investigated the ectoparasites prevalence in those excrement samples and revealed a prevalence of 42,17% for mites, amongst them ticks, and 4% of fleas. The prevalence of those arthropods varied between carnivore species. Mites were found in excrements of all sampled species, and fleas were found in all wild dogs and wild cats faeces, but jaguarundi, and coati. Some carnivore scats contenied different ticks showing that those mammals are non-usual hosts of them and that, possibly, there is an increase of its prevalence in the environment as probable effect of the landscape modifications. A higher parasitic load with direct contact of wildlife to humans and livestock request to carry out a more in-depth epidemiologic investigation into these agricultural landscapes. (AU) | |