Effect of CO2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated or not with fluoride on sound and eroded enamel and dentine when submitted to erosion in vitro

Author(s)

Maisa Camillo Jordao

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Bauru.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOB/SDB)
• Defense date: 2011-05-20

Examining board members

Daniela Rios; Maria Cristina Borsatto; Ana Carolina Magalhães

• Advisor: Daniela Rios

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of different irradiation power densities of CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers on enamel and dentine when eroded (phase 1). To evaluate the effect of fluoride associated with the best parameter of laser able to reduce dental erosion considering sound and previously eroded enamel and dentine (phase 2). Furthermore, in phase 1 the application of an absorbing photo dye was evaluated on the performance of Nd:YAG. In phase 1, 130 enamel blocks and 130 dentine blocks, were equally and randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 10): C -untreated (control), Nd1 and Nd5 - irradiation with Nd:YAG laser (42.45 J/cm2), Nd2 and Nd6 - irradiation with Nd:YAG laser (56.6 J/cm2), Nd3 and Nd7 - irradiation with Nd:YAG laser (84.9 J/cm2), Nd4 and Nd8 - irradiation with Nd:YAG laser (99.05 J/cm2), CO1 - CO2 laser irradiation (enamel: 7.2 J/cm2; dentine: 3.6 J/cm2), CO2 - CO2 laser irradiation (enamel: 14.4 J/cm2; dentine: 7.2 J/cm2), CO3 - CO2 laser irradiation (enamel: 21.4 J/cm2; dentine: 10.7 J/cm2) and CO4 - CO2 laser irradiation (enamel: 28.8 J/cm2, dentine: 14.4 J/cm2). In groups Nd5 to 9 coal-paste dye was applied before Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Before irradiation 2/3 of the blocks surfaces were protected with nail varnish for performing the profilometry. After irradiation, the blocks were submitted to four erosive 2-min cycles, followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 2 h for 5 days. Enamel and dentine losses were evaluated by profilometry after laser application and after 1 and 5 days of erosive cycling. In the second phase, the group that obtained the best numerical or statistical result was used. So 120 enamel and dentine blocks were divided into 12 groups (n = 10): C - control without prior erosion; C+EP - control with prior erosion; Nd:YAG - laser irradiation with Nd:YAG (enamel: 56.6 J/cm2 and dentin: 42.45 J/cm2); EP+Nd:YAG - prior erosion followed by Nd:YAG irradiation; F - AmF (1% F) application; F+EP - erosion prior subsequent AmF (1% F) application; Nd:YAG+F - irradiation with Nd:YAG laser and subsequent AmF (1% F) application; EP+Nd:YAG+F - prior erosion followed by Nd:YAG irradiation and subsequent AmF (1% F) application; CO2 - CO2 laser irradiation (enamel: 28.6 J/cm2 and dentin: 10.7 J/cm2</sub); EP+CO2 - prior erosion followed by CO2 laser irradiation , F+CO2 - CO2 laser irradiation and subsequent AmF (1% F) application; F+EP+CO2 - erosion prior CO2 laser irradiation and subsequent AmF (1% F) application. As in stage 1, before irradiation, the blocks were protected (2/3) and after the treatments, the blocks were subjected to erosive cycling as previously described. The dental loss was evaluated by profilometry as described. The lasers were analyzed separated. The results were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis (as passed or not in the normal curve) and Tukey test (p<0.05). The various parameters of Nd:YAG laser did not present effect in relation to dental erosion regardless of the use of photo absorbent dye. In relation to CO2 laser only the energy densities of 28.8 J/cm2 for enamel and 10.7 J/cm2 for dentin showed some preventive effect. The previously eroded substrate resulted in greater wear when compared to sound one. Generally, fluoride had some preventive effect against erosion. However, the combination of fluoride to the laser showed no synergistic effect, since it was observed a decrease in fluoride preventive effect. Considering these results, for patients at high risk for dental erosion, application of fluoride is still the best preventive treatment. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/12326-2 - Effect of CO2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated or not with fluoride on sound and eroded enamel and dentine when submitted to erosion in vitro
• Grantee: Maisa Camillo Jordão
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master