Abstract
Saphenous vein graft is widely used for cardiac revascularization in ischemic myocardium. However, adaptive response to the new hemodynamic condition predisposes the vein graft to occlusion due to the remodeling with increased extracellular matrix and cells expressing ±-SMA. Experimental evidence demonstrates that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is one source of ±-SMA positi…