Effects of CPAP on body weight in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis of randomised trials

Author(s)

Drager, Luciano F. ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Brunoni, Andre R. ^[1] ; Jenner, Raimundo ^[1] ; Lorenzi-Filho, Geraldo ^[3] ; Bensenor, Isabela M. ^{[1, 2]} ; Lotufo, Paulo A. ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res CPCE, BR-05403904 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med FMUSP, BR-05403904 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Heart Inst InCor, BR-05403904 Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: THORAX; v. 70, n. 3, p. 258-264, MAR 2015.
• Web of Science Citations: 91

Abstract

Introduction The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment with CPAP on weight is not clear. This meta-analysis was designed to assess whether OSA treatment with CPAP promotes changes in body mass index (BMI) and weight. Methods We searched PubMed, SCOPUS and Cochrane Central Register electronic databases through 1 October 2013 (including papers in press at that time), without language restrictions. We identified randomised trials of CPAP versus controls with a minimum treatment duration of 4 weeks that objectively measured BMI. Data were independently abstracted and reviewed by two investigators using a standardised protocol. Results We included a total of 3181 patients from 25 randomised trials that measured BMI and weight. All studies enrolled mainly overweight and obese patients. The fixed-effects meta-analysis revealed that CPAP promoted significant increase on BMI (Hedges' g=0.14, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.21, I-2=16.2%) and weight (Hedges' g=0.17, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.24, I-2=0%). The funnel plot revealed low risk of publication bias. Meta-regression analyses including age, gender, baseline BMI, baseline weight, OSA severity, CPAP compliance, use of sham CPAP, study duration, study design (crossover/parallel), study origin (Western/Eastern), recommendation for dietary changes or physical activity, revealed that no single predictor influenced the main outcome for weight. Baseline weight was a predictor of increased BMI after CPAP. Conclusions OSA treatment with CPAP promotes significant increase in BMI and weight. Additional therapies for body weight reduction must be recommended for overweight or obese patients with OSA initiated on CPAP. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/02953-2 - Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and sleep duration on the progression of cardiovascular diseases
• Grantee: Luciano Ferreira Drager
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants