The cosmetic dye quinoline yellow causes DNA damage in vitro

Author(s)

Drumond Chequer, Farah Maria ^{[1, 2]} ; Venancio, Vinicius de Paula ^[1] ; de Souza Prado, Maira Rocha ^[1] ; da Silva e Cunha Junior, Luiz Raimundo Campos ^[3] ; Lizier, Thiago Mescoloto ^[4] ; Boldrin Zanoni, Maria Valnice ^[4] ; Burbano, Rommel Rodriguez ^[3] ; Pires Bianchi, Maria Lourdes ^[1] ; Greggi Antunes, Lusania Maria ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Anal Clin Toxicol & Bromatol, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

^[3] Fed Univ Para, Inst Ciencias Biol, Lab Citogenet Humana, BR-66059 Belem, Para - Brazil

^[4] Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Quim Analit, Inst Quim, BR-14800900 Araraquara, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS; v. 777, p. 54-61, JAN 1 2015.
• Web of Science Citations: 11

Abstract

Quinoline yellow (QY) is a chinophthalon derivative used in cosmetic compositions for application to the skin, lips, and/or body surface. However, regulatory data about the genotoxicity and/or mutagenicity of this compound are still controversial. Therefore, this work evaluated the genotoxicity of QY using the comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN-Cyt) in the metabolically competent cell line HepG2, which closely mimics phase I metabolism. This research also identified the products formed after electrochemical oxidation of the QY dye, which simulates hepatic biotransformation. The primary products generated after the oxidation process were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a Diode Array Detector (HPLC/DAD), which detected the production of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2-methoxy-5-methylaniline and 4,4'-oxydianiline. The results demonstrated that low (from 0.5 to 20 mu g mL(-1)) QY concentrations were genotoxic in HepG2 cells on both assays and those harmful compounds were detected after the oxidation process. Our findings suggest that this colorant could cause harmful effects to humans if it is metabolized or absorbed through the skin. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/01755-0 - Toxicogenetics evaluation of the food colorings erythrosine and yellow quinoline and their products: electrochemical analysis and expressions of TP53 and COX-2 genes in liver cells
• Grantee: Farah Maria Drumond Chequer
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 11/14115-9 - Toxicogenetics evaluation, electrochemical analysis and profiles of the gene expression involved in DNA damage in HepG2 cells exposed to the food colorings erythrosine and yellow quinoline and their products
• Grantee: Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants