Impact of a chronic smoking habit on the osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in the peri-implant fluid of clinically healthy dental implants

Author(s)

Negri, Brenno Marcondes ; Pimentel, Suzana Peres ; Casati, Marcio Zaffalon ; Cirano, Fabiano Ribeiro ; Casarin, Renato Correa ; Ribeiro, Fernanda Vieira

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY; v. 70, p. 55-61, OCT 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 7

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic cigarette smoking on the profile of osteo-immunoinflammatory markers in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from clinically healthy implants Designs: Twenty-five smokers and 23 non-smoker subjects with a unitary screwed implant-supported crown in the molar or pre-molar region were enrolled in this study. The implants should have been in functioning for at least 12 months, and the peri-implant tissue should be clinically healthy {[}probing depth (PD) < 4 mm with no bleeding on probing (BoP) and no evidence of radiographic bone loss beyond bone remodeling]. The levels of interferon (INF)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-beta, IL-10, 1L-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa beta ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in the PICF were quantified by a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Results: The smokers presented reduced levels of IL-4, 1L-8, and TNF-alpha compared with the non-smoker individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, although lower OPG levels were detected in the PICF of the smokers, the RANKL/OPG ratio did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). Moreover, higher ICTP concentrations and a higher TH1/TH2 ratio were observed in the PICF of the smoker patients (p <0.05). No differences between the groups were observed for the other markers evaluated (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Smoking habit modulate peri-implant cytokine profile, leading to reductions in IL-4, -8 TNF-alpha, and OPG levels and an increased ICTP and TH1/TH2 ratio in peri-implant crevicular fluid. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)