The satellite DNA AflaSAT-1 in the A and B chromosomes of the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata

Author(s)

Milani, Diogo ; Ramos, Erica ; Loreto, Vilma ; Andrea Marti, Dardo ; Cardoso, Adauto Lima ; Martinez de Moraes, Karen Cristiane ; Martins, Cesar ; Cabral-de-Mello, Diogo Cavalcanti

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BMC GENETICS; v. 18, AUG 29 2017.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Background: Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are organized in repetitions directly contiguous to one another, forming long arrays and composing a large portion of eukaryote genomes. These sequences evolve according to the concerted evolution model, and homogenization of repeats is observed at the intragenomic level. Satellite DNAs are the primary component of heterochromatin, located primarily in centromeres and telomeres. Moreover, satDNA enrichment in specific chromosomes has been observed, such as in B chromosomes, that can provide clues about composition, origin and evolution of this chromosome. In this study, we isolated and characterized a satDNA in A and B chromosomes of Abracris flavolineata by integrating cytogenetic, molecular and genomics approaches at intra-and inter-population levels, with the aim to understand the evolution of satDNA and composition of B chromosomes. Results: AflaSAT-1 satDNA was shared with other species and in A. flavolineata, was associated with another satDNA, AflaSAT-2. Chromosomal mapping revealed centromeric blocks variable in size in almost all chromosomes (except pair 11) of A complement for both satDNAs, whereas for B chromosome, only a small centromeric signal occurred. In distinct populations, variable number of AflaSAT-1 chromosomal sites correlated with variability in copy number. Instead of such variability, low sequence diversity was observed in A complement, but monomers from B chromosome were more variable, presenting also exclusive mutations. AflaSAT-1 was transcribed in five tissues of adults in distinct life cycle phases. Conclusions: The sharing of AflaSAT-1 with other species is consistent with the library hypothesis and indicates common origin in a common ancestor; however, AflaSAT-1 was highly amplified in the genome of A. flavolineata. At the population level, homogenization of repeats in distinct populations was documented, but dynamic expansion or elimination of repeats was also observed. Concerning the B chromosome, our data provided new information on the composition in A. flavolineata. Together with previous results, the sequences of heterochromatic nature were not likely highly amplified in the entire B chromosome. Finally, the constitutive transcriptional activity suggests a possible unknown functional role, which should be further investigated. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/05246-3 - Satellite DNA organization in the genome of the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata with emphasis in the supernumerary chromosomes: a structural, functional and evolutionary approach
• Grantee: Diogo Milani
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 11/19481-3 - Contributions to elucidation of B chromosome biological roles using as model Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera) and Haplochromis obliquidens (Teleostei): structure, evolution and histone proteins modification patterns
• Grantee: Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral de Mello
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 15/16661-1 - Sex and B chromosome enigmas: model systems for the study of chromosome and genome evolution
• Grantee: César Martins
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants