Treadmill slope Modulates inflammation, Fiber Type composition, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in the skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice

Author(s):Show less -

da Rocha, Alisson L. ^[1] ; Pereira, Bruno C. ^[1] ; Teixeira, Giovana R. ^[2] ; Pinto, Ana P. ^[1] ; Frantz, Fabiani G. ^[3] ; Elias, Lucila L. K. ^[4] ; Lira, Fabio S. ^[2] ; Pauli, Jose R. ^[5] ; Cintra, Dennys E. ^[5] ; Ropelle, Eduardo R. ^[5] ; de Moura, Leandro P. ^[5] ; Mekary, Rania A. ^{[6, 7]} ; de Freitas, Ellen C. ^[8] ; da Silva, Adelino S. R. ^{[8, 1]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Postgrad Program Rehabil & Funct Performance, Ribeirao Preto - Brazil

^[2] State Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Phys Educ, UNESP, Presidente Prudente - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci Ribeirao Preto, Dept Clin Toxicol & Bromatol Anal, Ribeirao Preto - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Physiol, Ribeirao Preto - Brazil

^[5] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Sch Appl Sci, Lab Mol Biol Exercise LaBMEx, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[6] MCPHS Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Business & Adm Sci, Boston, MA - USA

^[7] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA - USA

^[8] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Phys Educ & Sport Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY; v. 8, OCT 25 2017.
• Web of Science Citations: 7

Abstract

Overtraining (OT) may be defined as an imbalance between excessive training and adequate recovery period. Recently, a downhill running-based overtraining (OTR/down) protocol induced the nonfunctional overreaching state, which is defined as a performance decrement that may be associated with psychological and hormonal disruptions and promoted intramuscular and systemic inflammation. To discriminate the eccentric contraction effects on interleukin 1beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, and SOCS-3, we compared the release of these cytokines in OTR/down with other two OT protocols with the same external load (i.e., the product between training intensity and volume), but performed in uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR). Also, we evaluated the effects of these OT models on the muscle morphology and fiber type composition, serum levels of fatigue markers and corticosterone, as well as androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expressions. For extensor digitorum longus (EDL), OTR/down and OTR groups increased the cytokines and exhibited micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. While OTR/down group increased the cytokines in soleus muscle, OTR/up group only increased IL-6. All OT groups presented micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. In serum, while OTR/down and OTR/up protocols increased IL-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, OTR group increased IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-15, and corticosterone. The type II fibers in EDL and soleus, total and phosphorylated AR levels in soleus, and total GR levels in EDL and soleus were differentially modulated by the OT protocols. In summary, the proinflammatory cytokines were more sensitive for OTR/down than for OTR/up and OTR. Also, the specific treadmill inclination of each OT model influenced most of the other evaluated parameters. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/20591-3 - Responses of proteins from the inflammatory, insulinic and hypertrophic molecular pathways to nonfunctional overreaching induced by treadmill running performed in downhill, without inclination and uphill in skeletal muscle of mice
• Grantee: Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/19985-7 - Effects of overtraining induced by exercise in treadmill without inclination, uphill and downhill on the content and activation of proteins of insulin signaling pathway and inflamation in mice
• Grantee: Bruno Cesar Pereira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master