Synthesis and XRD, FT-IR vibrational, UV-vis, and nonlinear optical exploration of novel tetra substituted imidazole derivatives: A synergistic experimental-computational analysis

Author(s)

Ahmad, Muhammad Saeed ^[1] ; Khalid, Muhammad ^{[2, 3]} ; Shaheen, Muhammad Ashraf ^[1] ; Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz ^[4] ; Khan, Muhammad Usman ^[5] ; Braga, Ataualpa Albert Carmo ^[6] ; Shad, Hazoor Ahmad ^[7]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sargodha, Dept Chem, Sargodha, Punjab - Pakistan

^[2] Khwaja Fareed Univ Engn & Informat Technol, Dept Chem, Rahim Yar Khan - Pakistan

^[3] Univ Educ Lahore, Dept Chem, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad - Pakistan

^[4] Univ Sargodha, Dept Phys, Sargodha, Punjab - Pakistan

^[5] Govt Coll Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Faisalabad - Pakistan

^[6] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Quim Fundamental, Inst Quim, Av Prof LineuPrestes 748, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[7] Govt Post Grad Coll Jhang, Dept Chem, Jhang - Pakistan

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS; v. 115, p. 265-276, APR 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 16

Abstract

Heterocyclic compounds have potential applications in many fields of life. We synthesized novel tetra substituted imidazoles by four-component condensation of benzil, substituted aldehydes, substituted anilines and ammonium acetate as a source of ammonia and acetic acid as the solvent. Their chemical structures were resolved through X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic (Fourier transform IR and UV-vis) techniques. In addition to experimental analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level were performed on 4-bromo-2-(1-(4-methoxypheny1)-4,5-dipheny1-1H-imidazole-2-yl)phenol (1), 4-bromo-2-(1-(1-naphthaleny1)-4,5-dipheny1-1H-imidazole-2-yl)phenol (2), and 2-(1-(2-chloropheny1)-4,5-dipheny1-1-H-imidazole-2-y1)-6methoxyphenol (3) to obtain the optimized geometry and spectroscopic (Fourier transform IR and UV-vis) and non-linear optical properties. Frontier molecular orbital analysis was performed at the Hartee-Fock/6-311+g(d,p) and DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and UV-vis spectral analyses were performed at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) and time-dependent DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels, respectively. Overall, the DFT findings show good agreement with the experimental data. The hyper conjugative interaction network, which is responsible for the stability of compounds 1, 2 and 3 was explored by the NBO approach. The global reactivity parameters were explored with use of the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals. DFT calculations predict the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of compounds 1, 2 and 3 are 294.89 x 10(-30), 219.45 x 10(-30) and 146.77 x 10(-30) esu, respectively. A two-state model was used to describe the non-linear optical properties of the compounds investigated. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/25770-6 - New frontiers in cross-coupling reactions promoted by palladium: combining enantioselective catalysis, C-H activations, new materials and in flux reactions aiming at high efficiency and sustainability in synthetic processes
• Grantee: Carlos Roque Duarte Correia
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 15/01491-3 - Theoretical study of cross-coupling reactions: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
• Grantee: Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants