Isolated and mixed effects of diuron and its metabolites on biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Author(s)

Felicio, Andreia Arantes ^[1] ; Freitas, Juliane Silberschmidt ^[1] ; Scarin, Jessica Bolpeti ^[1] ; Ondei, Luciana de Souza ^[2] ; Teresa, Fabricio Barreto ^[2] ; Schlenk, Daniel ^[3] ; de Almeida, Eduardo Alves ^[4]

Affiliation

^[1] UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] UEG Goias State Univ, Univ Unit Exact & Technol Sci UnUCET, Anapolis, Go - Brazil

^[3] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 - USA

^[4] Univ Reg Blumenau, Dept Nat Sci, Av Antonio da Veiga 140, BR-89030903 Blumenau, SC - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY; v. 149, p. 248-256, MAR 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 5

Abstract

Diuron is one of the most used herbicide in the world, and its field application has been particularly increased in Brazil due to the expansion of sugarcane crops. Diuron has often been detected in freshwater ecosystems and it can be biodegraded into three main metabolites in the environment, the 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), 3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU) and 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methylurea (DCPMU). Negative effects under aquatic biota are still not well established for diuron, especially when considering its presence in mixture with its different metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the effects of diuron alone or in combination with its metabolites, DCPMU, DCPU and 3,4-DCA on biochemical stress responses and biotransformation activity of the fish Oreochromis niloticus. Results showed that diuron and its metabolites caused significant but dispersed alterations in oxidative stress markers and biotransformation enzymes, except for ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, that presented a dose-dependent increase after exposure to either diuron or its metabolites. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significant lower in gills after exposure to diuron metabolites, but not diuron. Diuron, DCPMU and DCA also decreased the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity. Lipid peroxidation levels were increased in gill after exposure to all compounds, indicating that the original compound and diuron metabolites can induce oxidative stress in fish. The integration of all biochemical responses by the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) model indicated that all compounds caused significant alterations in O. niloticus, but DCPMU caused the higher alterations in both liver and gill. Our findings imply that diuron and its metabolites may impair the physiological response related to biotransformation and antioxidant activity in fish at field concentrations. Such alterations could interfere with the ability of aquatic animals to adapt to environments contaminated by agriculture. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/52061-8 - Biochemical and estrogenic effects of Diuron and its metabolites, alone or in combination with alkylphenols in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
• Grantee: Eduardo Alves de Almeida
• Support Opportunities: Program for Research on Bioenergy (BIOEN) - Regular Program Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/16948-3 - Influence of the temperature in the toxicity of herbicides 500SC® and Gamit® in tadpoles of Eupemphix nattereri (Leptodactylidae) and Rhinella schneideri (Bufonidae)
• Grantee: Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 14/18825-9 - Estrogenic and biochemical effects of N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N, N-dimethylurea (diuron) and its metabolites, alone or in combination with alkylphenols in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
• Grantee: Andréia Arantes Felício
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate