Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

Author(s)

Leroux, Isabelle Nogueira ^[1] ; da Silva Ferreira, Ana Paula Sacone ^[1] ; Paniz, Fernanda Pollo ^[2] ; Pedron, Tatiana ^[2] ; Salles, Fernanda Junqueira ^[1] ; da Silva, Fabio Ferreira ^{[2, 3]} ; Maltez, Heloisa Franca ^[2] ; Batista, Bruno Lemos ^[2] ; Kaneshiro Olympio, Kelly Polido ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Saude Ambiental, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-1246904 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Ave Estados 5001, BR-09210580 Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[3] Agilent Technol, Alameda Araguaia, 1142 Alphaville Ind, BR-6455000 Barueri - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH; v. 15, n. 8 AUG 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 2

Abstract

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one-four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 +/- 0.11 mu g kg(-1) bw, 0.08 +/- 0.04 mu g kg(-1) bw, and 0.61 +/- 0.41 mu g kg(-1) bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child's Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/10060-9 - Multi-user equipment (MUE) approved in Grant FAPESP project 2014/05151-0: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer hyphenated to an high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ICP-MS)
• Grantee: Bruno Lemos Batista
• Support Opportunities: Multi-user Equipment Program
• FAPESP's process: 12/21840-4 - Exposure to nonessential metals in São Paulo: blood levels in preschool children and associated risk factors
• Grantee: Maria Regina Alves Cardoso
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/05151-0 - Arsenic and rice: monitoring and (bio)remediation studies for food safety
• Grantee: Bruno Lemos Batista
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 15/01395-4 - High blood lead levels in preschool children: investigation of metal concentrations in possible exposure sources
• Grantee: Júlia Prestes da Rocha Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 11/23272-0 - Lead exposure in São Paulo: blood levels in preschool children and risk factors associated
• Grantee: Maria Regina Alves Cardoso
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/20945-2 - Lead exposure in household and school settings: influence of diet in the blood lead levels
• Grantee: Isabelle Nogueira Leroux
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 11/13076-0 - Lead exposure in São Paulo: blood levels in preschool children and risk factors associated
• Grantee: Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral