| Author(s): |
Leroux, Isabelle Nogueira
[1]
;
da Silva Ferreira, Ana Paula Sacone
[1]
;
Paniz, Fernanda Pollo
[2]
;
Pedron, Tatiana
[2]
;
Salles, Fernanda Junqueira
[1]
;
da Silva, Fabio Ferreira
[2, 3]
;
Maltez, Heloisa Franca
[2]
;
Batista, Bruno Lemos
[2]
;
Kaneshiro Olympio, Kelly Polido
[1]
Total Authors: 9
|
| Affiliation: | [1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Saude Ambiental, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-1246904 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[2] Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Ave Estados 5001, BR-09210580 Santo Andre, SP - Brazil
[3] Agilent Technol, Alameda Araguaia, 1142 Alphaville Ind, BR-6455000 Barueri - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 3
|
Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one-four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 +/- 0.11 mu g kg(-1) bw, 0.08 +/- 0.04 mu g kg(-1) bw, and 0.61 +/- 0.41 mu g kg(-1) bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child's Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO. (AU) |