Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Cycling Time Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author(s)

Brietzke, Cayque ^[1] ; Franco-Alvarenga, Paulo Estevao ^[1] ; Coelho-Junior, Helio Jose ^[2] ; Silveira, Rodrigo ^[1] ; Asano, Ricardo Yukio ^[1] ; Pires, Flavio Oliveira ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Exercise Psychophysiol Res Grp, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, 1000 Arlindo Bettio Ave, BR-03828000 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Appl Kinesiol Lab, 701 Erico Verissimo Ave, BR-13083851 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Review article
• Source: SPORTS MEDICINE; v. 49, n. 1, p. 57-66, JAN 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 5

Abstract

Background Despite the growing number of studies reporting carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on endurance performance, no systematic and meta-analysis review has been conducted to elucidate the level of evidence of carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on cycling trial performance such as time-, work-, and distance-based trials. Objectives The objective of this study were to establish the effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling performance outcomes such as mean power output and time to complete a trial, together with the risk of bias in the cycling-carbohydrate mouth rinse literature. Methods We systematically reviewed randomized placebo-controlled trials that assessed carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on mean power output and time to complete the trial. A random-effects meta-analysis assessed the standardized mean difference between carbohydrate and placebo mouth rinses. Results Thirteen studies (16 trials) were qualitatively (systematic review) and quantitatively (meta-analysis) analyzed with regard to mean power output (n = 175) and time to complete the trial (n = 151). Overall, the reviewed studies showed a low risk of bias and homogeneous results for mean power output (I-2 = 0%) and time to complete the trial (I-2 = 0%). When compared with placebo, the carbohydrate mouth rinse improved mean power output (standardized mean difference = 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.46; p = 0.02), but not the time to complete the trial (standardized mean difference = -0.13; 95% confidence interval -0.36 to 0.10; p = 0.25). Conclusion The present systematic and meta-analytic review supports the notion that a carbohydrate mouth rinse has the potential to increase mean power output in cycling trials, despite showing no superiority over placebo in improving time to complete the trials. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/16496-3 - Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on physical performance and psychophysiological responses in individuals mentally fatigued during VO2MAX test
• Grantee: Flávio de Oliveira Pires
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants