Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them

Author(s):Show less -

Monteiro, Carlos A. ^{[1, 2]} ; Cannon, Geoffrey ^[2] ; Levy, Renata B. ^{[3, 2]} ; Moubarac, Jean-Claude ^[4] ; Louzada, Maria L. C. ^[2] ; Rauber, Fernanda ^[2] ; Khandpur, Neha ^[2] ; Cediel, Gustavo ^[2] ; Neri, Daniela ^[2] ; Martinez-Steele, Euridice ^[2] ; Baraldi, Larissa G. ^[2] ; Jaime, Patricia C. ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Epidemiol Res Nutr & Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Univ Montreal, Dept Nutr, Montreal, PQ - Canada

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION; v. 22, n. 5, p. 936-941, APR 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 27

Abstract

The present commentary contains a clear and simple guide designed to identify ultra-processed foods. It responds to the growing interest in ultra-processed foods among policy makers, academic researchers, health professionals, journalists and consumers concerned to devise policies, investigate dietary patterns, advise people, prepare media coverage, and when buying food and checking labels in shops or at home. Ultra-processed foods are defined within the NOVA classification system, which groups foods according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing. Processes enabling the manufacture of ultra-processed foods include the fractioning of whole foods into substances, chemical modifications of these substances, assembly of unmodified and modified food substances, frequent use of cosmetic additives and sophisticated packaging. Processes and ingredients used to manufacture ultra-processed foods are designed to create highly profitable (low-cost ingredients, long shelf-life, emphatic branding), convenient (ready-to-consume), hyper-palatable products liable to displace all other NOVA food groups, notably unprocessed or minimally processed foods. A practical way to identify an ultra-processed product is to check to see if its list of ingredients contains at least one item characteristic of the NOVA ultra-processed food group, which is to say, either food substances never or rarely used in kitchens (such as high-fructose corn syrup, hydrogenated or interesterified oils, and hydrolysed proteins), or classes of additives designed to make the final product palatable or more appealing (such as flavours, flavour enhancers, colours, emulsifiers, emulsifying salts, sweeteners, thickeners, and anti-foaming, bulking, carbonating, foaming, gelling and glazing agents). (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/14900-9 - Consumption of ultra-processed foods, dietary nutrient profile diet and obesity in seven countries
• Grantee: Carlos Augusto Monteiro
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants