Pyrethrum extract encapsulated in nanoparticles: Toxicity studies based on genotoxic and hematological effects in bullfrog tadpoles

Author(s)

Oliveira, C. R. ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Garcia, T. D. ^[4] ; Franco-Belussi, L. ^[5] ; Salla, R. F. ^[6] ; Souza, B. F. S. ^{[4, 2, 3]} ; de Melo, N. F. S. ^[7] ; Irazusta, S. P. ^[8] ; Jones-Costa, M. ^{[4, 2, 3]} ; Silva-Zacarin, E. C. M. ^{[4, 2, 3]} ; Fraceto, L. F. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Sorocaba, Lab Nanotecnol Ambiental, Ave Tres Marco, 511, BR-18087180 Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar, Dept Biol, Lab Fisiol Conservacao, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia Joao Leme Santos Km 110, BR-18052780 Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar, Dept Biol, Lab Ecotoxicol & Biomarcadores Anim, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia Joao Leme Santos Km 110, BR-18052780 Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar, Programa Posgrad Biotecnol & Monitoramento Ambien, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia Joao Leme Santos Km 110, BR-18052780 Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Mato Grosso Sul UFMS, Inst Biociencias, Lab Patol Expt, Ave Costa & Silva, S-N, Bairro Univ, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS - Brazil

^[6] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, 255, Cidade Univ, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[7] Fac Med Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campus Araras, Ave Dona Renata, 71, BR-13600001 Araras, SP - Brazil

^[8] Ctr Estadual Educ Tecnol Paula Souza, Fac Tecnol Sorocaba FATEC, Lab Ecotoxicol, Campus Sorocaba, Ave Eng Carlos R Mendes, 2015, BR-18013280 Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Environmental Pollution; v. 253, p. 1009-1020, OCT 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The environment receives about 2.7 kg.ha(-1) annually of pesticides, used in crop production. Pesticides may have a negative impact on environmental biodiversity and potentially induce physiological effects on non-target species. Advances in technology and nanocarrier systems for agrochemicals led to new alternatives to minimize these impacts, such as nanopesticides, considered more efficient, safe and sustainable. However, it is important to evaluate the risk potential, action and toxicity of nanopesticides in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This study aims to evaluate genotoxic and hematological biomarkers in bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) submitted to acute exposure (48 h) to pyrethrum extract (PYR) and solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with PYR. Results showed increased number of leukocytes during acute exposure, specifically eosinophils in nanoparticle-exposed groups, and basophil in PYR-exposed group. Hematological analysis showed that PYR encapsulated in nanoparticles significantly increased the erythrocyte number compared to the other exposed groups. Data from the comet assay indicated an increase in frequency of the classes that correspond to more severe DNA damages in exposed groups, being that the PYR-exposed group showed a high frequency of class-4 DNA damage. Moreover, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were triggered by short-time exposure in all treatments, which showed effects significantly higher than the control group. These results showed genotoxic responses in tadpoles, which could trigger cell death pathways. Concluding, these analyses are important for applications in assessment of contaminated aquatic environments and their biomonitoring, which will evaluate the potential toxicity of xenobiotics, for example, the nanoparticles and pyrethrum extract in frog species. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effects of nanopesticides and botanical insecticides on non-target organisms, in order to contribute to regulatory aspects of future uses for these systems. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/21004-5 - Agriculture, micro/nanotechnology and environment: from evaluation of the mechanisms of action to studies of transport and toxicity
• Grantee: Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants