Evaluation of In Vitro Solar Protection Factor (SPF), Antioxidant Activity, and Cell Viability of Mixed Vegetable Extracts from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinifera L.

Author(s)

Cefali, Leticia Caramori ^{[1, 2]} ; Ataide, Janaina Artem ^{[1, 3]} ; Fernandes, Ana Rita ^[1] ; Sanchez-Lopez, Elena ^{[1, 4, 5, 6]} ; de Oliveira Sousa, Ilza Maria ^[7] ; Figueiredo, Mariana Cecchetto ^[7] ; Tasca Gois Ruiz, Ana Lucia ^[3] ; Foglio, Mary Ann ^[3] ; Mazzola, Priscila Gava ^[3] ; Souto, Eliana Barbosa ^{[1, 8]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Coimbra, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Technol, P-3000548 Coimbra - Portugal

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, UNICAMP, R Monteiro Lobato 255, BR-13083862 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, UNICAMP, Rua Candido Portinari 200, BR-13083871 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Barcelona, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol IN2UB, E-08028 Barcelona - Spain

^[5] Inst Salud Juan Carlos III, Networking Res Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis CIBERNED, Madrid 28049 - Spain

^[6] Univ Barcelona, Dept Pharm Pharmaceut Technol & Phys Chem, Fac Pharm, E-08028 Barcelona - Spain

^[7] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Med Sci, UNICAMP, R Sergio Buarque de Holanda 250, BR-13083859 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[8] Univ Minho, CEB Ctr Biol Engn, Campus Gualtar, P-4710057 Braga - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PLANTS-BASEL; v. 8, n. 11 NOV 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The aim of this study was to validate a HPLC method for the assay of flavonoids in extracts obtained from natural sources, i.e., from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinifera L. The potential sun protecting effect, antioxidant activity, and cell viability of the extracts were also determined. Individual extracts (obtained from each individual species) and a mixed extract (containing the four extracts) were analyzed by the validated HPLC method for the identification of flavonoids and quantification of rutin and quercetin. An in vitro cell viability study was carried out using the neutral red method. The in vitro sun protection factor was determined by spectral transmittance and in vitro antioxidant efficacy was evaluated against DPPH, ABTS, and AAPH radicals. The HPLC method used for the identification and quantification of flavonoids in extracts exhibited linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Detection and quantification limits were, respectively, 2.881 +/- 0.9 mu g.mL(-1) and 0.864 +/- 0.9 mu g.mL(-1) for quercetin, and 30.09 +/- 1 mu g.mL(-1) and 9.027 +/- 1.1 mu g.mL(-1) for rutin. All extracts did not affect cell viability at the evaluated concentration range and exhibited a sun protection effect and antioxidant activity. Among the evaluated extracts, Ginkgo biloba L. and the mixed extract depicted the most expressive antioxidant activity. The mixed extract exhibited sunscreen protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) and a critical wavelength of 372.7 +/- 0.1. Our results translate the enhanced flavonoids' composition of the mixed extract, which may be a potential alternative over sunscreens and antioxidants in pharmaceutic/cosmetic formulations. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/14757-7 - Development and evaluation of sun protection factor of emulsion containing extract rich in flavonoids
• Grantee: Leticia Caramori Cefali
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 15/25533-7 - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A FLAVONOID ENRICHED EMULSION WITH SUN PROTECTION FACTOR
• Grantee: Leticia Caramori Cefali
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate