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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Household slow sand filters with and without water level control: continuous and intermittent flow efficiencies

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Author(s):
Maciel, Paulo Marcos Faria [1] ; Sabogal-Paz, Lyda Patricia [1]
Total Authors: 2
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Hydraul & Sanitat, 400 Trabalhador Sao Carlense Ave, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 1
Document type: Journal article
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY; v. 41, n. 8, p. 944-958, APR 2 2020.
Web of Science Citations: 7
Abstract

Four household slow sand filters were made out of PVC and operated in continuous and intermittent flows, with and without using a float to control the maximum level of water inside the units. The efficiency was evaluated as a function of Escherichia coli reduction and turbidity in water from the study prepared with kaolinite and E. coli suspension. The correlation of the efficiencies with the following operational parameters was evaluated: operating time, time after maintenance, filtration rate and head loss divided by bed thickness. The filters were classified as intermittent with float (IFF), intermittent without float (IF), continuous with float (CFF) and continuous without float (CF). IFF, CFF and CF had a non-woven blanket installed on top of the media. The results indicated that no significant statistical differences were found in E. coli reduction and turbidity between IFF and IF, however the former had filter runs over 80 days and the latter almost a quarter of this value. CFF matured faster and had less turbidity remaining in relation to CF. When comparing IFF with CFF, the former presented lower turbidity remaining (0.89 +/- 0.44 NTU versus 1.24 +/- 0.91NTU), but a lower reduction of E. coli (1.40 +/- 0.61 log versus 2.29 +/- 0.74 log). The time after maintenance was the most important operational parameter when evaluating the efficiencies. The float helped to mature the filter more quickly in a continuous flow and, together with a non-woven blanket, extended the filter runs in the intermittent flow. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 14/12712-8 - BioSand filters operated in continuous and intermittent flows: challenges in the construction, operation and maintenance
Grantee:Lyda Patricia Sabogal Paz
Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants