Production of Nanocellulose Using Citric Acid in a Biorefinery Concept: Effect of the Hydrolysis Reaction Time and Techno-Economic Analysis

Author(s)

Bondancia, Thalita J. ^{[1, 2]} ; de Aguiar, Jessica ^{[1, 2]} ; Batista, Gustavo ^[1] ; Cruz, Antonio J. G. ^[1] ; Marconcini, Jose Manoel ^{[1, 2]} ; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique C. ^{[1, 2]} ; Farinas, Cristiane S. ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Grad Program Chem Engn, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Embrapa Instrumentat, Natl Nanotechnol Lab Agribusiness LNNA, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research; v. 59, n. 25, p. 11505-11516, JUN 24 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Nanocellulosic materials, either as cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), have a wide range of potential applications in different industrial sectors, due to their renewable nature and remarkable properties. Here, a sustainable and environmentally friendly method to obtain nanocellulose was evaluated using hydrolysis with citric acid, an organic acid that can be obtained as a biorefinery product. This approach resulted in a single-step extraction of nanocellulose, with carboxyl functionalization of the surface varying according to hydrolysis reaction times from 1.5 to 6 h, at 120 degrees C, as evidenced using NMR to measure the degree of substitution. The charged surface groups of CNC and CNF resulted in improved colloidal stability, with zeta-potential values from -36 to -48 mV. Both CNC and CNF extracted using different reaction times were thermally stable, but the increase of carboxyl groups reduced the degradation temperature. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) showed that the cost of citric acid had the greatest influence on the minimum product selling price (MPSP) of the nanocellulose, indicating that the production of citric acid within the biorefinery could be an interesting way to make this approach feasible. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/10636-8 - From the cell factory to the Biodiesel-Bioethanol integrated biorefinery: a systems approach applied to complex problems in micro and macroscales
• Grantee: Roberto de Campos Giordano
• Support Opportunities: Program for Research on Bioenergy (BIOEN) - Thematic Grants