An Innovative Corn to Silage-Grass-Legume Intercropping System With Oversown Black Oat and Soybean to Silage in Succession for the Improvement of Nutrient Cycling

Author(s):Show less -

Pariz, Cristiano Magalhaes ^[1] ; Costa, Nidia Raquel ^[2] ; Costa, Ciniro ^[1] ; Costa Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre ^[2] ; de Castilhos, Andre Michel ^[1] ; de Lima Meirelles, Paulo Roberto ^[1] ; Calonego, Juliano Carlos ^[2] ; Andreotti, Marcelo ^[3] ; de Souza, Daniel Martins ^[1] ; Cruz, Igor Vilela ^[2] ; Longhini, Vanessa Zirondi ^[1] ; Protes, Verena Micheletti ^[1] ; Wobeto Sarto, Jaqueline Rocha ^[1] ; Sabiao de Toledo Piza, Marina Lais ^[1] ; de Paula Melo, Veronica Freitas ^[1] ; Sereia, Rodrigo Cesar ^[2] ; Fachiolli, Daniele Floriano ^[1] ; de Almeida, Fabiana Alves ^[4] ; Moretti de Souza, Luiz Gustavo ^[2] ; Franzluebbers, Alan Joseph ^[5]

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Dept Anim Nutr & Breeding, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Botucatu, SP - Brazil

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Crop Sci, UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brazil

^[3] Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Soil Sci, UNESP, Ilha Solteira - Brazil

^[4] Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Biostat Plant Biol Parasitol & Zool, UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brazil

^[5] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC - USA

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS; v. 4, NOV 24 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

In the context of sustainable tropical agriculture, an innovative corn (Zea mays L.) to silage-grass-legume intercropping system can promotes plant diversity, improves agronomic performance and land-use efficiency, and increases the yield of oversown black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and soybean {[}Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to silage in succession. Thus, during three growing seasons on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, four treatments of a corn to silage production system were implemented in summer/autumn with black oat oversown in winter/spring: (1) corn intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ``Marandu{''}) and black oat overseeded in lines; (2) corn intercropped with palisade grass and black oat overseeded in a broadcast system with superficial incorporation; (3) corn intercropped with palisade grass + pigeon pea {[}Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and black oat overseeded in lines; and (4) corn intercropped with palisade grass + pigeon pea and black oat overseeded in a broadcast system with superficial incorporation. During winter/spring, the black oat pastures were grazed by lambs, but results on forage allowance and nutritive value for animal grazing and on animal performance are not reported in the present manuscript. In the fourth growing season, the effect of soybean to silage intercropped with guinea grass (Panicum maximum ``Aruana{''}), with only a residual effect of the four production systems from the previous three growing seasons, was evaluated. Despite greater interspecific competition of palisade grass and pigeon pea intercropped with corn, this more complex system produced better results. Thus, when analyzing this system as a whole, the triple intercrop (corn + pigeon pea + palisade grass) combined with oversown black oat in lines was the most effective option for silage production and for the improvement of other elements of system productivity, such higher surface mulch quantity, leaf nutrient concentrations, and yield of soybean to silage intercropped with guinea grass. This intercrop also generated better nutrient cycling because an increased quantity of nutrients was retained in standing plant residue and surface mulch, which resulted in better land- and nutrient-use efficiency, with an emphasis on nitrogen and potassium. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/25413-1 - Integrated crop-livestock system as grassland contamination control method for gastrointestinal helminths of sheep
• Grantee: Marina Lais Sabião de Toledo Piza
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 14/12950-6 - Ingestive behavior, performance and carcass characteristics of lambs using semi-feedlot in integrated crop-livestock system
• Grantee: Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 17/05044-7 - SOYBEAN, SORGHUM, EUCALYPTUS, BLACK OAT PASTURE AND SHEEP PRODUCTION IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS
• Grantee: Ciniro Costa
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/14935-4 - Lamb's finishing in semi-feedlot with mix silage of corn, palisadegrass and pigeon pea and oversowing black oat in integrated crop-livestock system
• Grantee: Caroline Nair Ramirez Braga
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 13/23853-9 - Lambs finishing supplemented in semi-feedlot with corn silage from the intercrop with palisadegrass and pigeon pea and oat grazing in two oversowing modality
• Grantee: Ciniro Costa
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/21772-4 - Efficiency of nitrogen (15NH4)2SO4 utilization in triple intercrop of corn/palisade grass/pigeonpea and residual effect on lopsided oat pasture in crop livestock production system
• Grantee: Nídia Raquel Costa
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 13/13702-3 - Production of corn silage in intercrop with palisadegrass and pigeon pea and oat oversseeded modality to lambs finishing in semi-feedlot
• Grantee: Cristiano Magalhães Pariz
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 15/25718-7 - Prophylaxis of sheep worms using integrated crop-livestock system (ICL)
• Grantee: Fabiana Alves de Almeida
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral