Importance of sugarcane straw maintenance to prevent soil organic matter depletion in a Nitisol in the central-southern region of Brazil

Author(s)

Popin, Gustavo V. ^[1] ; Santos, Arthur K. B. ^[1] ; Melo, Paul L. A. ^[2] ; Cherubin, Mauricio R. ^[1] ; Cerri, Carlos E. P. ^[1] ; Siqueira-Neto, Marcos ^[2]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Coll Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Ave Padua Dias 11, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Nucl Energy Agr, Ave Centenario 303, POB 96, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: SOIL RESEARCH; v. 59, n. 2, p. 119-129, 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Sugarcane straw is a potential feedstock to increase bioenergy production. However, leaving straw on the soil surface is important to sustaining soil organic matter (SOM). We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the impacts of two years of straw removal on SOM in a sugarcane area - on an Eutric Nitisol in south-eastern Brazil - with low straw production (7 Mg ha(-1)). The experiment was a randomised complete block design (four blocks) with four rates of straw removal: (i) no removal, (ii) medium removal, (iii) high removal and (iv) total removal. We evaluated straw decomposition, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock (0-30 cm), labile C, and microbial biomass C and N (0-10 cm). Increases in the straw removal rates reduced decomposition, with 30-42% of the initial straw amount remaining on the soil after one year (first year) and 33-38% remaining at the end of the second year. During the first year, no effect was found on soil C (8 kg m(-2)) and N (0.7 kg m(-2)) stocks; however, during the second year, total straw removal reduced soil C stock by 10% (0-30 cm) compared with no straw removal. Straw removal rates negatively affected the labile C (6-10% and 20-25%, first and second year respectively) and microbial C (correspondingly 10-15% and 21-27%). Microbial N was not altered in the first year, but decreased 26% due to straw maintenance (no removal) during the second year. Total straw removal decreased the C management index (CMI) by 15% (first year) compared with no straw removal. However, during the second year, all rates of straw removal decreased the CMI: by 15% for medium, 22% for high and 26% for total removal. Our findings indicate that any straw removal in areas with low straw production negatively affects SOM, initially through reduction in labile C pools. Although slight impacts on soil C and N stock were detected, reduction in straw-derived inputs stimulates microbial utilisation of soil C pools, and consequently reduces SOM over time. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/09845-7 - Implications of expansion and management intensification on soil ecosystem services
• Grantee: Maurício Roberto Cherubin
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants