Low-dose chlorine exposure impairs lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

Author(s):Show less -

de Genaro, Isabella Santos ^{[1, 2]} ; de Almeida, Francine Maria ^[2] ; Quirino dos Santos Lopes, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio ^{[2, 3]} ; Hizume Kunzler, Deborah De Camargo ^[4] ; Busoletto Tripode, Bruna Gabryela ^[5] ; Kurdejak, Adriana ^[5] ; Nakamura Cordeiro, Bruna ^{[6, 7]} ; Pandolpho, Renata ^[5] ; Macchione, Mariangela ^[8] ; Bruggemann, Thayse Regina ^{[9, 10, 2]} ; Vieira, Rodolfo Paula ^{[11, 12, 13, 14]} ; Martins, Milton Arruda ^[2] ; Lopes Calvo Tiberio, Iolanda de Fatima ^[2] ; Saraiva-Romanholo, Beatriz Mangueira ^{[5, 1, 2]}

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Publ Employee Sao Paulo Hosp IAMSPE, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo FMUSP, Sch Med, Dept Med LIM 20, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo FMUSP, Sch Med, Inst LIMs Clin Hosp, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Therapy LaPEx, Florianopolis, SC - Brazil

^[5] Univ City Sao Paulo UNICID, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[6] Univ Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[7] Univ Business & Social Sci UCES, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[8] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Lab Air Pollut, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[9] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[10] Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[11] Brazilian Inst Teaching & Res Pulm & Exercise Imm, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP - Brazil

^[12] Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Sci Human Movement & Rehabil, Santos, SP - Brazil

^[13] Brazil Univ, Postgrad Program Bioengn & Biomed Engn, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[14] Anhernbi Morumbi Univ, Sch Med, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Life Sciences; v. 267, FEB 15 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Aim: To explore the different consequences of acute and chronic exposure to chlorine gas (Cl-2) on the functional and histological parameters of health mice. Main methods: Firstly, male BALB/c mice were acute exposed to 3.3 or 33.3 or 70.5 mg/m(3) Cl-2. We analyzed the lung function, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage, cell influx in the peribrochoalveolar space and mucus production. In a second phase, mice were chronic exposed to 70.5 mg/m(3) Cl-2. Besides the first phase analyses, we also evaluated the epithelial cells thickness, collagen deposition in the airways, immunohisto-chemistry stain for IL-1 beta, iNOS, IL-17 and ROCK-2 and the levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in lung homogenate. Key findings: Acute exposure to chlorine impaired the lung function, increased the number of inflammatory cells in the BALF and in the airways, also increased the mucus production. Furthermore, when chlorine was exposed chronically, increased the airway remodeling with collagen deposition and epithelial cells thickness, positive cells for IL-1 beta, iNOS, IL-17 in the airways and in the alveolar walls and ROCK-2 in the alveolar walls, lung inflammation with increased levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in the lung homogenate, and also, induced the acid mucus production by the nasal epithelium. Significance: Acute and chronic exposure to low dose of chlorine gas worsens lung function, induces oxidative stress activation and mucus production and contributes to augmenting inflammation in health mice. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/26829-4 - Clinical, functional and inflammatory assessment in asthmatic patients undergoing an educational intervention
• Grantee: Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/02537-5 - Characterization of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS): experimental and clinical studies
• Grantee: Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/15165-2 - Role of purinergic signaling and of SOCS-JAK-STAT signaling in the antiinflammatory effects of aerobic training in experimental models of asma and in asthmatic individuals
• Grantee: Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants