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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Early immune responses and parasite tissue distribution in mice experimentally infected with oocysts of either archetypal or non-archetypal genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii

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Author(s):
Chiebao, Daniela P. [1] ; Bartley, Paul M. [2] ; Chianini, Francesca [2] ; Black, Lauren E. [2] ; Burrells, Alison [2] ; Pena, Hilda F. J. [1] ; Soares, Rodrigo M. [1] ; Innes, Elisabeth A. [2] ; Katzer, Frank [2]
Total Authors: 9
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci FMVZ, Dept Prevent Vet Med, 87 Prof Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo - Brazil
[2] Moredun Res Inst, Pentland Sci Pk, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian - Scotland
Total Affiliations: 2
Document type: Journal article
Source: Parasitology; v. 148, n. 4, p. 464-476, APR 2021.
Web of Science Citations: 0
Abstract

In most of the world Toxoplasma gondii is comprised of archetypal types (types I, II and III); however, South America displays several non-archetypal strains. This study used an experimental mouse model to characterize the immune response and parasite kinetics following infection with different parasite genotypes. An oral inoculation of 50 oocysts per mouse from T. gondii M4 type II (archetypal, avirulent), BrI or BrIII (non-archetypal, virulent and intermediate virulent, respectively) for groups (G)2, G3 and G4, respectively was used. The levels of mRNA expression of cytokines, immune compounds, cell surface markers and receptor adapters {[}interferon gamma (IFN gamma), interleukin (IL)-12, CD8, CD4, CD25, CXCR3 and MyD88] were quantified by SYBR green reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lesions were characterized by histology and detection by immunohistochemistry established distribution of parasites. Infection in G2 mice was mild and characterized by an early MyD88-dependent pathway. In G3, there were high levels of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN gamma and IL-12 in the mice showing severe clinical symptoms at 8-11 days post infection (dpi), combined with the upregulation of CD25, abundant tachyzoites and tissue lesions in livers, lungs and intestines. Significant longer expression of IFN gamma and IL-12 genes, with other Th1-balanced immune responses, such as increased levels of CXCR3 and MyD88 in G4, resulted in survival of mice and chronic toxoplasmosis, with the occurrence of tissue cysts in brain and lungs, at 14 and 21 dpi. Different immune responses and kinetics of gene expression appear to be elicited by the different strains and non-archetypal parasites demonstrated higher virulence. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 11/19297-8 - Study of oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii in sheep: evaluation of congenital transmission in experimental infections by different strains in Brazil
Grantee:Rodrigo Martins Soares
Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants