Warming and elevated CO2 induces changes in the reproductive dynamics of a tropical plant species

Author(s):Show less -

Alzate-Marin, Ana Lilia ^{[1, 2]} ; Sa Rivas, Priscila Marlys ^[2] ; Galaschi-Teixeira, Juliana S. ^[3] ; Bonifacio-Anacleto, Fernando ^[2] ; Silva, Carolina Costa ^[1] ; Schuster, Ivan ^[4] ; Nazareno, Alison Goncalves ^{[5, 6]} ; Giuliatti, Silvana ^{[1, 2]} ; da Rocha Filho, Leo Correia ^[3] ; Garofalo, Carlos A. ^[3] ; Martinez, Carlos A. ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Genet, Av Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Genet, Grad Program Genet, Av Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Sch Philosophy Sci & Literature, Dept Biol, Av Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[4] Longping High Tech, SP-330, Km 296, BR-14140000 Cravinhos, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Sao Paulo, Biosci Inst IB, Rua Matao, Tv 14 Butanta, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[6] Fed Univ Minas Gerais UFMG, Dept Genet Ecol & Evolut, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Pampulha Caixa Postal 486, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Science of The Total Environment; v. 768, MAY 10 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Tropical plant species are vulnerable to climate change and global warming. Since flowering is a critical factor for plant reproduction and seed-set, warming and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO(2)) are crucial climate change factors that can affect plant reproductive dynamics and flowering related events in the tropics. Using a combined free-air CO2 enrichment and a free-air temperature-controlled enhancement system, we investigate how warming (+2 degrees C above ambient, eT) and elevated {[}CO2] (similar to 600 ppm, eCO(2)) affect the phenological pattern, plant-insect interactions, and outcrossing rates in the tropical legume forage species Stylosanthes capitata Vogel (Fabaceae). In comparison to the control, a significantly greater number of flowers (NF) per plot (-62%) were observed in eT. Furthermore, in warmed plots flowers began opening approximately 1 h earlier (similar to 09:05), with a canopy temperature of similar to 23 degrees C, than the control (similar to 09:59) and eCO(2) (similar to 09:55) treatments. Flower closure occurred about 3 h later in eT (similar to 11:57) and control (similar to 13:13), with a canopy temperature of similar to 27 degrees C. These changes in flower phenology increased the availability of floral resources and attractiveness for pollinators such as Apis mellifera L. and visitors such as Paratrigona lineata L., with significant interactions between eT treatments and insect visitation per hour/day, especially between 09:00-10:40. In comparison to the control, the additive effects of combined eCO(2) + eT-enhanced the NF by 137%, while the number of A. mellifera floral visits per plot/week increased by 83% during the period of greatest flower production. Although we found no significant effect of treatments on mating system parameters, the overall mean multilocus outcrossing rate (tm = 0.53 +/- 0.03) did confirm that S. capitate has a mixed mating system. The effects of elevated {[}CO2] and warming on plant-pollinator relationships observed here may have important implications for seed production of tropical forage species in future climate scenarios. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/23930-9 - CLIMATE WARMING AND HIGH CO2 IMPACT ON GENETIC AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF ONE TROPICAL FORAGE LEGUME IN A TROP-T-FACE SIMULATION SYSTEM
• Grantee: Ana Lilia Alzate Marin
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/24817-9 - Analysis of genetic purity of forage legume Stylosanthes capitata Vog. aiming its use in an experiment in TROP-T-FACE system (Temperature Free-air Controlled Enhancement and Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)
• Grantee: Carolina Costa Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 08/58075-8 - Miniface climate-change impact experiment to analyze the effects of elevated CO2 and warming on photosynthesis, gene expression, biochemistry, growth, nutrient dynamics and yield of two contrasting tropical forage species
• Grantee: Carlos Alberto Martinez y Huaman
• Support Opportunities: Research Program on Global Climate Change - Thematic Grants