Quantification of amphetamine and derivatives in oral fluid by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Author(s)

Magalhaes Kahl, Julia Martinelli ^{[1, 2]} ; da Cunha, Kelly Francisco ^{[3, 2]} ; Rodrigues, Leonardo Costalonga ^{[1, 2]} ; Chinaglia, Kaue de Oliveira ^{[1, 2]} ; Oliveira, Karina Diniz ^{[3, 2]} ; Costa, Jose Luiz ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, UNICAMP, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas Poison Control Ctr, UNICAMP, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Med Sci, UNICAMP, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis; v. 196, MAR 20 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The abuse of stimulants such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), and their analogues(MDEA and MDA) has been increasing considerably worldwide since 2009. In this work, an analytical method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) to determine amphetamine and derivatives in oral fluid samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Linearity was achieved between 20 to 5000 ng/mL (r>0.992, 1/x(2)weighted linear regression), with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 20 ng/mL. Imprecision (%relative standard deviation) and bias (%) were not higher than 9.1 and -12.3%, respectively. The matrix effect was lower than 14.6%, with no carryover observed up to 5000 ng/mL and no interference with 10 different oral fluid matrix sources and against 14 pharmaceuticals and other common drugs of abuse. MDMA, MDA, and MDEA in processed samples were stable up to 24 h at autosampler (10 degrees C); and amphetamine and methamphetamine up to 18 h. The developed method was successfully applied to authentic oral fluid analyses(n = 140). The proposed method is an example of the Green Analytical Toxicology, since it reduces both the amount of solvent required in samples preparation and the quantity of solvents and reagents used in analytical-instrumental stage, as well as requires a minimal sample volume, being a cheaper, quicker and more ecological alternative to conventional methods. Obtained results showed that DLLME extraction combined with LC-MS/MS is a fast and simple method to quantify amphetamine derivatives in oral fluid samples. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/02147-0 - Single drop chromatography and its coupling to mass spectrometry: instrumental strategies, development of materials, automation and analytical applications
• Grantee: Fernando Mauro Lanças
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/00432-1 - The Toxicology of New Psychoactive Substances (NSP): epidemiology of consumption by the analysis of hair and oral fluid samples
• Grantee: José Luiz da Costa
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants