| Full text | |
| Author(s): |
Martins, Livia Salles
[1]
;
Guimaraes, Lucas Fonseca
[1]
;
Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa
[1]
;
Soares Tenorio, Jorge Alberto
[1]
;
Romano Espinosa, Denise Crocce
[1]
Total Authors: 5
|
| Affiliation: | [1] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Chem Engn, Polytech Sch, Rua Lago 250, 2 Andar, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 1
|
| Document type: | Journal article |
| Source: | Journal of Environmental Management; v. 295, OCT 1 2021. |
| Web of Science Citations: | 9 |
| Abstract | |
Li-ion batteries are daily present in our electronic devices. These batteries are used in electric and hybrid vehicles supporting the current agreements to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, the electric vehicle demand has increased in the world. As Li-ion batteries are composed of critical metals in which there is a risk of interruption of supply in the medium term, recycling is the key to a sustainable future without internal combustion vehicles. Understanding the current scenario and future perspectives is important for strategies of new battery design, recycling routes and reverse logistics, as well as policies for sustainable development. This paper presents an overview of current and future vehicles used worldwide. An increase from 1.3 to 2 billion vehicles is expected worldwide until 2030; an outstanding demand will occur mainly in BRICS countries. The data demonstrated a correlation between the number of vehicles in use and GDP. Patents and processes designed for recycling Li-ion batteries and the new developments on pyro-, hydro-, and bio-metallurgical routes have been revised. The manuscript describes the importance and benefits of recycling as regards the supply of critical metals and future trends towards a circular economy. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/51871-9 - Study Center for Technology in Waste Solid Treatment and Recycling - SCTWSTR |
| Grantee: | Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório |
| Support Opportunities: | Research Projects - Thematic Grants |