Leaching of benzimidazole antiparasitics in soil columns and in soil columns amended with sheep excreta

Author(s)

Porto, Rafael Silveira ^[1] ; Pinheiro, Rafael Silvio Bonilha ^[2] ; Rath, Susanne ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, POB 6154, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Biol & Anim Sci, Sch Engn FEIS, BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research; v. 28, n. 42, p. 59040-59049, NOV 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 4

Abstract

Benzimidazoles are anthelmintics frequently used in sheep farming due to the high susceptibility of these animals to parasitic diseases. Sheep excreta are often disposed onto soils as a fertilizer, and they may contain benzimidazole residues that can contaminate soil and water. This work aimed to assess the leaching behavior of benzimidazole drugs (albendazole, fenbendazole, and thiabendazole) and their metabolites in two Brazilian soils of different textural classifications (sandy and clay), as well as sheep excreta-amended soils, following the OECD 312 Guidelines. Ewes received a single oral dose of 10 mg kg(-1) b.w. of either albendazole or fenbendazole. The feces were collected at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-dose, and the parent drugs and their metabolites extracted using the QuEChERS approach and quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. For the leaching assays, a benzimidazole solution was directly applied onto the soil columns, or an amount of 5 g of the medicated sheep feces was distributed over the top of the soil columns. In soil samples, benzimidazoles were extracted by solid-liquid extraction and quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. For the leaching studies, atrazine was used as a reference substance to determine the relative mobility factor of the analytes of interest. Benzimidazoles were considered slightly to moderately mobile in both soils tested, with a leaching distance of up to 25 cm in a 30-cm soil column. Approximately 3 to 6% of the benzimidazoles present in ewe feces were able to leach into the soil columns. This finding is of concern since benzimidazoles are persistent in soil and may pose a risk to soil biota and induce the development of resistant strains of parasites. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/03571-2 - Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment.
• Grantee: Susanne Rath
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/09543-7 - Residues of veterinary drugs in the environment
• Grantee: Susanne Rath
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants