Toxicity of innovative antifouling additives on an early life stage of the oyster Crassostrea gigas: short- and long-term exposure effects

Author(s)

de Campos, Bruno Galvao ^{[1, 2]} ; do Prado E Silva, Mariana Bruni Marques ^[2] ; Avelelas, Francisco ^[3] ; Maia, Frederico ^[4] ; Loureiro, Susana ^{[1, 5]} ; Perina, Fernando ^{[1, 5]} ; de Souza Abessa, Denis Moledo ^[2] ; Martins, Roberto ^{[1, 5]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Praca Infante Dom Henrique S-N, BR-11330900 Sao Paulo, Sao Vicente - Brazil

^[3] Polytech Leiria, Sch Tourism & Maritime Technol, MARE, Leiria - Portugal

^[4] Smallmatek Small Mat & Technol Lda, Rua Canhas, P-3810075 Aveiro - Portugal

^[5] Univ Aveiro, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research; JAN 2022.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed the encapsulation of hazardous antifouling (AF) biocides in silica mesoporous nanocapsules (SiNC) reducing their short-term toxicity. However, the chronic effects of such novel nanoadditives remain understudied. The present study aimed to assess short- and long-term sub-lethal effects of soluble forms (DCOIT and Ag) and nanostructured forms (SiNC-DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT-Ag) of two AF biocides and the ``empty{''} nanocapsule (SiNC) on juveniles of Crassostrea gigas after 96 h and 14 days of exposure. Juvenile oysters exposed for a short period to free DCOIT and AgNO3 presented worse physiological status comparing with those exposed to the nanostructured forms. The long-term exposure to DCOIT and Ag+ caused an extensive biochemical impairment comparing with the tested nanomaterials, which included oxidative damage, activation of the antioxidant defense system, and neurotransmission impairment. Despite the negative effects mostly observed on the health condition index and AChE, the encapsulation of the abovementioned AF biocides into SiNC seems to be a technological advantage towards the development of AF nanoadditives with lower long-term toxicity comparing with the soluble forms of such biocides. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/03004-0 - Assessment of bioaccumulation and toxicity of innovative antifouling nanomaterials on tropical and neotropical marine invertebrates
• Grantee: Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
• Support Opportunities: BIOTA-FAPESP Program - Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/19898-3 - Trophic transfer assessment of the antifouling biocide DCOIT, in nano and non-nanostructured forms, in marine organisms
• Grantee: Bruno Galvão de Campos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 18/25379-6 - Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) toxicity study over embryo stages of sea urchin Echinometra lucunter
• Grantee: Mariana Bruni Marques do Prado e Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 17/10211-0 - Ecotoxicological study of the anti-fouling biocide Sea-Nine in neotropical marine invertebrates.
• Grantee: Bruno Galvão de Campos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 19/24945-0 - Biocides effects study of innovative nanomaterials over the fixation of marine bivalve seeds
• Grantee: Mariana Bruni Marques do Prado e Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Scientific Initiation