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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

ipopolysaccharide Regulates Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines, Corticosterone, and Melatonin in Toad

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Author(s):
Ferreira, L. F. [1, 2] ; Neto, P. G. Garcia [2] ; Titon, S. C. M. [2] ; Titon, Jr., B. [2] ; Muxel, S. M. [2] ; Gomes, F. R. [2] ; Assis, V. R. [2, 3]
Total Authors: 7
Affiliation:
[1] Ctr Univ Fundacao Santo Andre, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras, Ave Principe Gales 821, BR-09060650 Santo Andre, SP - Brazil
[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol, Rua Matao Trav 14, 101, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol, Rua Matao, Trav 14, 101, Sala 206, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 3
Document type: Journal article
Source: INTEGRATIVE ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY; v. 3, AUG 28 2021.
Web of Science Citations: 0
Abstract

Glucocorticoids and melatonin (MEL) show integrated and complex immunomodulatory effects, mostly described for endotherms, yet underexplored in amphibians. In this context, the RT-qPCR of molecules mediating inflammatory processes in amphibians is a valuable tool to explore the relationships amongmolecular biology, endocrinemediators, and immune response in these animals. In this study, toads (Rhinella diptycha) received an intraperitoneal saline injection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg). Six hours post-injection, we analyzed plasma corticosterone (CORT) and MEL levels and pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and C1s). We found increased CORT and decreased MEL levels in response to LPS. Also, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were upregulated in LPS-injected toads compared with saline-injected toads. Overall, our results demonstrate an LPS-induced inflammatory response with endocrine and immune modulation in R. diptycha toads, exhibiting expected patterns for an inflammatory stimulus within this time frame (6 h post-injection). Toads were responsive to LPS by secreting different cytokines, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6, related to immune cell attraction to inflammatory sites and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which limits the rate of leukocyte infiltration, inflammation, and downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Increased circulating CORT levels are probably associated with the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis by the LPS and the endocrine actions of IL-6. Furthermore, decreased circulating MEL levels are likely due to inhibited MEL secretion by the pineal gland by inflammatory stimuli, indicating the activation/existence of the immune-pineal axis in amphibians. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 16/01782-0 - Relations between environmental and physiological conditions of activity and its importance for the distribution alterations of toads with climatic changes
Grantee:Braz Titon Junior
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
FAPESP's process: 14/16320-7 - Impacts of climate/environmental change on the fauna: an integrative approach
Grantee:Carlos Arturo Navas Iannini
Support Opportunities: Research Program on Global Climate Change - Thematic Grants
FAPESP's process: 15/23801-4 - Immunomodulatory effects of acute stress in toads from Genus Rhinella
Grantee:Vania Regina de Assis
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral