New insights into the anti-erosive property of a sugarcane-derived cystatin: different vehicle of application and potential mechanism of action

Author(s)

Carlos Condarco GIRONDA ^[1] ; Vinícius Taioqui PELÁ ^[2] ; Flávio HENRIQUE-SILVA ^[3] ; Alberto Carlos Botazzo DELBEM ^[4] ; Juliano Pelim PESSAN ^[5] ; Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF ^[6]

Affiliation

^[1] Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - Brasil

^[2] Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Departamento de Genética e Evolução - Brasil

^[3] Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Departamento de Genética e Evolução - Brasil

^[4] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba. Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora - Brasil

^[5] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba. Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora - Brasil

^[6] Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - Brasil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Applied Oral Science; v. 30, 2022-07-29.

Abstract

Abstract A new sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) showed anti-erosive properties when included in solutions and strong binding force to enamel, but the performance of this protein when added to gel formulations and its effect on surface free energy (SFE) requires further studies. Objective 1) to evaluate the protective effect of gels containing different concentrations of CaneCPI-5 against initial enamel erosion (Experiment 1); and 2) to analyze the SFE (γS) after treating the enamel surface with CaneCPI-5 solution (Experiment 2). Methodology In Experiment 1, 75 bovine enamel specimens were divided into five groups according to the gel treatments: placebo (negative control); 0.27%mucin+0.5%casein (positive control); 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; or 2.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. Specimens were treated with the gels for 1 min, the AP was formed (human saliva) for 2 h and the specimens were incubated in 0.65% citric acid (pH=3.4) for 1 min. The percentage of surface hardness change (%SHC) was estimated. In Experiment 2, measurements were performed by an automatic goniometer using three probing liquids: diiodomethane, water and ethylene glycol. Specimens (n=10/group) remained untreated (control) or were treated with solution containing 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5, air-dried for 45 min, and 0.5 µL of each liquid was dispensed on the surface to measure contact angles. Results Gels containing 0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 significantly reduced %SHC compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Treated enamel showed significantly lower γS than control, without changes in the apolar component (γSLW), but the polar component (γSAB=Lewis acid-base) became more negative (p<0.01). Moreover, CaneCPI-5 treatment showed higher γS - (electron-donor) values compared to control (p<0.01). Conclusions Gels containing 0.1 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 protected enamel against initial dental erosion. CaneCPI-5 increased the number of electron donor sites on the enamel surface, which may affect AP formation and could be a potential mechanism of action to protect from erosion. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/04857-4 - Acquired pellicle engineering for control of dental erosion: in situ evaluation of protective potential by a new cistatin derived from sugar cane
• Grantee: Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 18/12041-7 - Safety and efficacy for the prevention of dental erosion of a new cystatin derived from sugarcane (CaneCPI-5): in vitro, in situ and in vivo studies
• Grantee: Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants