Cardiotoxicity of pyrethroids: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options for acute and long-term toxicity

Author(s)

Marques, Leisiane P. ; Joviano-Santos, Julliane, V ; Souza, Diego S. ; Santos-Miranda, A. ; Roman-Campos, D.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS; v. N/A, p. 15-pg., 2022-10-31.

Abstract

Pyrethroids (PY) are synthetic pesticides used in many applications ranging from largescale agriculture to household maintenance. Their classical mechanisms of action are associated with binding to the sodium channel of insect neurons, disrupting its inactivation, ensuring their use as insecticides. However, PY can also lead to toxicity in vertebrates, including humans. In most toxicological studies, the impact of PY on heart function is neglected. Acute exposure to a high dose of PY causes enhancement of the late sodium current (INaL), which impairs the action potential waveform and can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, long-term, low-dose exposure to PY displays oxidative stress in the heart, which could induce tissue remodeling and impairment. Isolated and preliminary evidence supports that, for acute exposure to PY, an antiarrhythmic therapy with ranolazine (an INaL blocker), can be a promising therapeutic approach. Besides, heart tissue remodeling associated with low doses and long-term exposure to PY seems to benefit from antioxidant therapy. Despite significant leaps in understanding the mechanical details of PY intoxication, currently, few studies are focusing on the heart. In this review, we present what is known and what are the gaps in the field of cardiotoxicity induced by PY. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/15122-0 - CARDIOTOXICITY INDUCED BY THE PESTICIDE TEBUCONAZOLE IN MICE: FROM CONCEPTION TO ADULT LIFE
• Grantee: Leisiane Pereira Marques
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 21/05584-7 - Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of the heart and brain exposed to pesticides found in potable water in Brazil
• Grantee: Danilo Roman Campos
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants - Phase 2
• FAPESP's process: 19/18918-0 - Role of nitric oxide in cardiac arrhythmias during Hypothyroidism
• Grantee: Diego Santos de Souza
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral