The influence of parental high-fat high-sugar diet on the gut-brain axis in male offspring

Author(s)

Cesar, Helena ; Sertorio, Marcela Nascimento ; Santamarina, Aline ; de Souza, Esther Alves ; Mennitti, Lais Valles ; Jamar, Giovana ; Juca, Andrea ; Casagrande, Breno Picin ; Estadela, Debora ; Pisani, Luciana Pellegrini

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Food Research International; v. 160, p. 11-pg., 2022-07-26.

Abstract

Purpose: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is implicated in the development of obesity, and its role in developmental programming needs to be explored. This study uncovers the effects of a parental high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFS) on the gut (colon) and brain (hypothalamus) GBA of male Wistar rat offspring at weaning until adulthood. Methods: For ten weeks before mating, male progenitors were fed a control diet (CD) or HFS, whereas dams were fed CD or HFS during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring aged 21-and 90-day old were assessed for: Gene expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) in the colon and hypothalamus; hypothalamic gene expression of orexigenic neuropeptides and Leptin receptor; serum levels of lipopolysac-charide (LPS), glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), Ghrelin and neuropeptide Y (NPY); colonic cytokine levels; Faecal Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. DNA. Results: Paternal HFS showed increased endotoxaemia, reduced colonic gene expression of ZO1 and reduced colonic TNF-alpha at weaning. In the adult offspring, paternal HFS showed increased NPY, reduced serum Ghrelin, colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lower faecal Bifidobacterium spp. DNA. Maternal diet showed increased hypothalamic gene expression of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) at weaning. The maternal HFS diet showed increased NPY and reduced faecal Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. DNA in the adult offspring. The combined effect of parental diet showed increased NPY at weaning, and low-er Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the adult offspring. Conclusion: Maternal and paternal HFS diet seem to influence the programming of the gut-brain axis, leading to increased visceral adiposity and weight of male offspring at weaning, the effect that lasted until adulthood. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/09646-1 - Maternal and paternal diet effects on the programming of 21-day old offspring until adulthood
• Grantee: Helena de Cássia César Vallera
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)
• FAPESP's process: 19/09724-8 - Influence of maternal and paternal intake of hyperlipidic/hyperglycidic diet on the colon-hypothalamus of the offspring in the early adult life
• Grantee: Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants