Adherence to the EAT-Lancet sustainable reference diet and cardiometabolic risk profile: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil cohort study

Author(s)

Cacau, Leandro Teixeira ; Bensenor, Isabela Martins ; Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho ; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira ; Santos, Itamar de Souza ; Lotufo, Paulo Andrade ; Moreno, Luis A. ; Marchioni, Dirce Maria

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION; v. 62, n. 2, p. 11-pg., 2022-10-21.

Abstract

Purpose The EAT-Lancet Commission released a reference sustainable diet to improve human health and respect the planetary boundaries. The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was developed with the purpose of evaluate the adherence to this reference diet. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet with cardiometabolic risk profile. Methods We used the cross-sectional baseline data from 14,155 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter ongoing cohort study. Dietary data were collected using a 114-item validated food frequency questionnaire. The PHDI was used to assess the adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet. It consists of 16 components and the total score can range from 0 to 150 points. Linear, logistic and quasi-Poisson regression models were built to evaluate the associations between PHDI and the outcomes. Results Individuals with higher adherence to EAT-Lancet diet (PHDI, 5th quintile) had lower values for systolic blood pressure (beta - 0.84; 95% CI - 1.66: - 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (beta - 0.70; 95% CI - 1.24: - 0.15), total cholesterol (beta - 3.15; 95% CI - 5.30: - 1.01), LDL-c (beta - 4.10; 95% CI - 5.97: - 2.23), and non-HDL-cholesterol (beta - 2.57; 95% CI - 4.62: - 0.52). No association was observed for HDL-c, triglycerides and HOMA-IR. Conclusions Our results indicate that higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with lower levels of blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/12326-1 - Association between an index based on planetary health diet and cardiovascular risk outcomes: analysis of epidemiological studies
• Grantee: Leandro Teixeira Cacau
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate (Direct)
• FAPESP's process: 11/12256-4 - Calcium score and coronary atherosclerosis in an adult cohort
• Grantee: Paulo Andrade Lotufo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/13424-0 - Progression of subclinical Atherosclerosis markers and a priori eating patterns: an analysis to the longitudinal study in adult health (ELSA-Brazil)
• Grantee: Leandro Teixeira Cacau
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)