Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the reduction of bacteria and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection

Author(s)

Alves-Silva, Esdras Gabriel ; Arruda-Vasconcelos, Rodrigo ; Louzada, Lidiane Mendes ; de-Jesus-Soares, Adriana ; Ferraz, Caio Cezar Randi ; Almeida, Jose Flavio Affonso ; Marciano, Marina Angelica ; Steiner-Oliveira, Carolina ; Santos, Joao Miguel Marques ; Gomes, Brenda P. F. A.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy; v. 41, p. 8-pg., 2023-01-31.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental photodynamic therapy for improving the bacterial removal and the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) by conducting a clinical trial.Methodology: Twenty-four root canals with pulp necrosis and periapical lesion were selected and randomly divided into conventional group using endodontic treatment with chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) alone (n = 12) and a group using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) after CMP (n = 12). The samples were collected before and after CMP (conventional group) and after photodynamic therapy (aPDT group). A photosensitizer (0.005% methylene blue) was applied to the root canal for 3 minutes after CMP, whereas aPDT was performed by using a red laser with a power of 30Mw and energy density of 9J/cm2 for 90 s per root canal. Culture technique was performed to determine the bacterial colony forming units. LPS and LTA levels were quantified by using limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.Results: All samples showed growth of viable bacteria on Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA), with an average of 5.19 x 105 CFU/ mL. CMP was effective in decreasing viable bacteria (p < 0.05), whereas there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the samples treated with aPDT compared to those submitted to CMP. LPS and LTA were detected in all initial samples, with mean values of 20.561 EU/mL and 430.91 pg/mL, respectively. Both CMP and aPDT groups significantly decreased the levels of LPS and LTA (p < 0.05), with a statistical difference between the groups regarding aPDT (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to CMP proved to be effective in improving root canal disinfection and reducing the LPS and LTA levels in teeth with primary endodontic infection. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/19300-0 - Investigation of the clinical, microbiological and immunological aspects of teeth with diagnosis of primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement
• Grantee: Lidiane Mendes Louzada
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/25090-3 - Microbiological and fadA family analysis in root canals and periapical lesions of teeth with secondary infection and their relation with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs
• Grantee: Juliana Delatorre Bronzato
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral