"I put it in my head that the supplement would help me": Open-placebo improves exercise performance in female cyclists

Author(s)

Saunders, Bryan ; Saito, Tiemi ; Klosterhoff, Rafael ; de Oliveira, Luana Farias ; Barreto, Gabriel ; Perim, Pedro ; Pinto, Ana Jessica ; Lima, Fernanda ; de Sapinto, Ana Lucia ; Gualano, Bruno

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PLoS One; v. 14, n. 9, p. 16-pg., 2019-09-24.

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of open-placebo on cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Twenty-eight trained female cyclists completed a 1-km cycling TT following a control session or an open-placebo intervention. The intervention consisted of an individual presentation, provided by a medic, in which the concept of open-placebo was explained to the participant, before she ingested two red and white capsules containing flour; 15 min later, they performed the TT. In the control session, the participant sat quietly for 20 min. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored throughout exercise, while blood lactate was determined pre- and post-exercise. Post-exercise questionnaires were employed to gain insight into the perceived influence of the supplement on performance. Open-placebo improved time-to-completion (P = 0.039, 103.6 +/- 5.0 vs. 104.4 +/- 5.1 s, -0.7 +/- 1.8 s, -0.7 +/- 1.7%) and mean power output (P = 0.01, 244.8 +/- 34.7 vs. 239.7 +/- 33.2, +5.1 +/- 9.5 W) during the TT. Individual data analysis showed that 11 individuals improved, 13 remained unchanged and 4 worsened their performance with open-placebo. Heart rate, RPE and blood lactate were not different between sessions (all P>0.05). Positive expectation did not appear necessary to induce performance improvements, suggesting unconscious processes occurred, although a lack of an improvement appeared to be associated with a lack of belief. Open-placebo improved 1-km cycling TT performance in trained female cyclists. Although the intervention was successful for some individuals, individual variation was high, and some athletes did not respond or even performed worse. Thus, open-placebo interventions should be carefully considered by coaches and practitioners, while further studies are warranted. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/15314-1 - The influence of the CYP1A2 polymorphism on the physiological responses and performance following acute supplementation with caffeine
• Grantee: Gabriel Henrique Castanho Barreto
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 16/50438-0 - Nutritional suplementation and exercise to optimize exercise performance: focus on individual responses and a step towards personalized sports nutrition
• Grantee: Bryan Saunders
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 15/26937-4 - Studies on physical (in)activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: characterization, associations with disease and effects of breaking up sedentary time
• Grantee: Ana Jéssica Pinto
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)
• FAPESP's process: 17/04973-4 - Nutritional supplementation and exercise to optimise exercise performance: focus on individual responses and a step towards personalized sports nutrition
• Grantee: Bryan Saunders
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Young Researchers
• FAPESP's process: 18/01594-5 - Blood and muscle responses to sodium bicarbonate supplementation and subsequent exercise performance
• Grantee: Pedro Henrique Lopes Perim
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master