Comparative analysis of EPIK, DRASTIC, and DRASTIC-LUC methods for groundwater vulnerability assessment in karst aquifers of the Western Amazon Basin

Author(s)

Naranjo, Elizabeth ; Conicelli, Bruno ; Moulatlet, Gabriel Massaine ; Hirata, Ricardo

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES; v. 84, n. 3, p. 16-pg., 2025-02-01.

Abstract

Karst aquifers are highly vulnerable to contamination due to their unique hydrogeological characteristics and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Given the challenges and costs associated with remediation, this study evaluates the groundwater vulnerability of karst formations in the Western Amazon Basin using three assessment methods: EPIK, DRASTIC, and DRASTIC-LUC. Geospatial data and sensitivity analysis were employed to assess the Napo Karst Formation. The results show that DRASTIC and EPIK classified 45.76% and 35.38% of the area as highly vulnerable, while DRASTIC-LUC classified 57.47% as moderately vulnerable. Sensitivity analysis identified depth to the water table and infiltration conditions as the most critical factors influencing vulnerability. The moderate-to-high vulnerability observed raises concerns about the risks to both surface and groundwater resources, which local populations heavily depend on. This study provides a valuable baseline for future research and offers essential guidance for decision-makers to mitigate activities that could degrade water quality in the Western Amazon Basin. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/11892-9 - In situ groundwater remediation alternatives for resilient urban environments
• Grantee: Elizabeth Estefanía Naranjo Garófalo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)
• FAPESP's process: 20/15434-0 - SACRE: integrated water solutions for resilient cities
• Grantee: Ricardo César Aoki Hirata
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants