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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Immune-Pineal Axis: Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) Mediates the Shift in the Melatonin Source from Pinealocytes to Immune Competent Cells

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Author(s):
Markus, Regina P. [1] ; Cecon, Erika [1] ; Pires-Lapa, Marco Antonio [1]
Total Authors: 3
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, Lab Chronopharmacol, Inst Biosci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 1
Document type: Review article
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES; v. 14, n. 6, p. 10979-10997, JUN 2013.
Web of Science Citations: 59
Abstract

Pineal gland melatonin is the darkness hormone, while extra-pineal melatonin produced by the gonads, gut, retina, and immune competent cells acts as a paracrine or autocrine mediator. The well-known immunomodulatory effect of melatonin is observed either as an endocrine, a paracrine or an autocrine response. In mammals, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor.-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B) blocks noradrenaline-induced melatonin synthesis in pinealocytes, which induces melatonin synthesis in macrophages. In addition, melatonin reduces NF-kappa B activation in pinealocytes and immune competent cells. Therefore, pathogen-or danger-associated molecular patterns transiently switch the synthesis of melatonin from pinealocytes to immune competent cells, and as the response progresses melatonin inhibition of NF-kappa B activity leads these cells to a more quiescent state. The opposite effect of NF-kappa B in pinealocytes and immune competent cells is due to different NF-kappa B dimers recruited in each phase of the defense response. This coordinated shift of the source of melatonin driven by NF-kappa B is called the immune-pineal axis. Finally, we discuss how this concept might be relevant to a better understanding of pathological conditions with impaired melatonin rhythms and hope it opens new horizons for the research of side effects of melatonin-based therapies. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 07/07871-6 - Imune-pineal Axis: injury shifts melatonin production from endocrine to paracrine
Grantee:Regina Pekelmann Markus
Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
FAPESP's process: 11/50198-6 - Eixo imune-pineal: efeito da poluicao atmosferica.
Grantee:Regina Pekelmann Markus
Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants