The forensic use of dna in the Legal Medicine Institute and Criminal Institute of Brazil

• Grant number: 07/02913-2
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• Duration: November 01, 2007 - October 31, 2009
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Social and Preventive Dentistry
• Principal Investigator: Rogério Nogueira de Oliveira
• Grantee: Rogério Nogueira de Oliveira
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Odontologia (FO). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The analysis of the DNA can be considered one of the main progressos technician for criminal inquiry since the discovery of the fingerprints. Its sprouting shook the certainties and the criteria used in the formularization of the culpability in the field of the Criminal law, and the criteria used for the establishment of the rule of law in the filiation relations, field of the Civil law. Had its potential of individualização, it substituted in short space of time others techniques, as the sorológicas analyses of the polimorfismos of proteins and blood groups, marking genetic. It was incorporated in the forensic routine for the policies of countries of first world and starts to be introduced in the skillful context in some states of Brazil. However, the use of these techniques of genetic identification, originates a series of requirements of quality and excellency to the laboratories that carry through them. Therefore, harmonization of technologies, definition of norms, establishment of standards and creation of credenciamento systems and certification, had become not only desirable, but absolutely necessary. Taking in consideration the level of technological development, the high one to be able analytical, the increasing influence exerted by the DNA in the forensic context, this work has as objective to ahead know the reality Brazilian of this technology. For this, a questionnaire in IML (Instituto Médico Legal) and in IC (Institute of Criminology) the central one of the capital of each one of the twenty and six Brazilian states will be applied, beyond the federal district. Through the collection of the data, information on formation of the professional team, type of forensic sample used, technique used in the analysis of the DNA, adopted protocol, creditação of the laboratory, will be gotten and will allow to verify the use of the technique of the forensic DNA in the Brazilian criminal context. (AU)