Theories of causation and human agency in ancient Greek philosophy
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Abstract
Classical Greek philosophy has in Plato and Aristotle its outstanding expression. Both philosophers agree on some central tenets about the nature of knowledge, the structure of the world, and the theory of action; in a word, both argue for realism within a strong rationalistic approach. Nevertheless, Aristotle made, as it is well known, sharp criticisms against Plato's philosophy. Hence, although it has adopted in many aspects a fundamentally rationalistic realism, as it was already current in the Academy, the Lyceum, the school of Aristotle, conceived of itself as in clear opposition to Platonism. Both philosophers had an impressive and decisive influence in Antiquity; most of our extant Ancient commentaries claimed themselves to follow Aristotelianism or Neoplatonism, until the moment in which it was pursued at any cost an eclectic harmonization between these two philosophers. The main interest of this research project is to scrutinize the central theses of both philosophers in two central aspects: their metaphysics and their ethics, as well as it aims at a better understanding of the way they have been thought of in Antiquity, either by way of a defense of their central tenets (as, for instance, Alexander of Aphrodisias in his reading of Aristotle), or in their reassessment (as one finds notably in Plotinus, who thinks of his philosophy as fundamentally Plato's), or else in an open contrast and clear rejection of the theses that delineate the boundaries of the Ancient World (as is the case, for instance, in Philoponus). (AU)
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