| Grant number: | 14/15302-5 |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct) |
| Start date: | October 01, 2014 |
| End date: | September 30, 2016 |
| Field of knowledge: | Agronomical Sciences - Animal Husbandry - Animal Nutrition and Feeding |
| Principal Investigator: | Francisco Palma Rennó |
| Grantee: | Filipe Zanferari |
| Host Institution: | Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil |
Abstract The use of growth promoters additives and supplemental lipid sources has been a common practice in ruminants feeding to allow improvements in feed efficiency and energetic status of animals. The lipids digestion process in ruminants may be summarized in two major steps, lipolysis and biohydrogenation. Which in last one, ruminal microorganisms convert unsaturated in saturated fatty acids, decreasing the intestinal flux of polyunsaturated fatty acids to duodenum, harming the accumulation of these in ruminant products. Lipolysis and biohydrogenation may be influenced by several factors as ruminal pH, lipid source, lipid diet content, and utilization of additives as ionophores which should inhibit bacteria activity and growth. Recently was proposed use of chitosan to modulate ruminal fermentation and digestion, as an alternative of the use of ionophores antibiotics prohibited in European Union. The chitosan (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer) is a natural biopolymer and biodegraded, with antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and fungi. The chitosan is a derivative of chitin deacetylation, which is the main component of exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. There are few studies until the present moment that investigate the chitosan addition in ruminant diets, mostly with lipid supplementation, with evaluation of ruminal biohydrogenation and milk or meat fatty acid profiles. Furthermore, researches which determine the effects of additive and lipids association on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients in diet. Despite been an old subject, there are variations and controversies about methodologies used for collect and analysis of fecal and urinary excretion in trials that evaluate digestibility and animal metabolism, especially in large animals in production. The determination of nutrient fractions digestibility, for example, through fecal total collection method is a laborious and costly. However, the attempt to simplify experimental methodology using punctual collections method and use of indicators should be evaluated for accuracy and precision of estimative. The objective of the present study is evaluate the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybeans association in dairy cow diets on nutrient intake, apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield and composition, blood parameters concentrations, fatty acid profile in milk, energy and nitrogen balances; the accuracy, precision and robustness of digestibility and urinary excretion indicators and the relation of results observed among punctual and total collection method of urine and feces in lactating dairy cows. (AU) | |
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