Application of coagulant of moringa oleifera using puches in water treatment

Author(s)

Camila Clementina Arantes

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• Defense date: 2014-03-31

Examining board members

José Euclides Stipp Paterniani; Ricardo de Lima Isaac; Denis Miguel Roston; Edilaine Regina Pereira; Rosangela Bergamasco

• Advisor: José Euclides Stipp Paterniani

Abstract

Natural coagulants and filtration systems are suitable water treatment technologies in rural or isolated communities. This research aims to evaluate the potential use of the Moringa oleifera seeds in pouches as a coagulant for water treatment by filtration system. Pouchs made from different materials (filter paper and nonwoven fabrics) containing 2.0 g powdered Moringa oleifera seeds were evaluated for protein dispersion and increased turbidity in distilled water over 24 h. Subsequently pouches containing 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g powder were tested for clarification of water turbidity in the range of 60.0 NTU. The dispersion conditions were velocity gradient of 10 and 20 s-1 by 30, 35, and 40 minutes. In a third stage, pouches containing 0.8 g powder were submitted to the filtration system formed for one up flow gravel pre-filter and one slow sand filter. In the protein dispersion test, it was found that the five types of pouches showed great potential to be used in water treatments, and the filter paper pouch was adopted in the other stages of the present research. For the sedimentation test, no significant differences were observed for the pouches containing 0.8 and 1.0 g powder when compared to liquid coagulant in the following dispersion conditions: 10 s-1 for 35 and 40 min, and 20 s-1 for 30, 35 and 40 min. In the filtration experiments significant differences were observed for the liquid coagulant and pouches regarding the reduction of turbidity and apparent color. Although the up flow gravel pre-filter was less effective with the use of pouches, with an average reduction of turbidity of 73.5 and 82.5% for the pouches and liquid coagulant, respectively, the effluent of the slow filter presented lower turbidity, with an average reduction of 83.9 and 60.1% for the pouches and liquid coagulant, respectively. For the parameter apparent color, an analogous behavior was observed. Although the pouches showed great potential to be used considering the reduction of turbidity and apparent color, the filtration run was shorter. Thus it is concluded that the use of pouches may be recommended, but it is necessary to develop improvements of this method in order to increase the duration of filtration run (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/09395-0 - Development of methodology for application of natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera seeeds in water treatment
• Grantee: Camila Clementina Arantes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate