Rhinella schneideri mucous gland transcriptome

Author(s)

Priscila Yumi Tanaka Shibao

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2016-08-05

Examining board members

Eliane Candiani Arantes Braga; Renê de Oliveira Beleboni; Flávio Henrique da Silva

• Advisor: Eliane Candiani Arantes Braga

Abstract

Natural products libraries are known as medicine molecules sources once these molecules have a high target specificity inherited from the long natural evolutionary process. Thereby, animal, plant and microorganisms\' secretions are very important to biotechnological applications. However, despite the large number of molecules that can be found in these secretions, the difficulty on obtainment enough purification yield, high cost and long purification time, besides the small secretion amount provided by the studied organism, are factors that make this kind of study even harsher. These are the reasons why omic studies are becoming an alternative to produce these toxins in a larger scale, which allow new researches. Transcriptome is a technique that consists on the production of cDNA libraries from the secretion or gland RNA, using the transcriptase reverse enzyme, which results in a holistic poison understanding. Toads are animals that are still not widely studied, if we compare them with other venomous animals, mainly because of the insufficient purification yield. Thus, the mucous gland transcriptome from Rhinella schneideri poison, a toad that is widely found in Brazilian territory, has a great relevance on the elucidation and possibility to use several kind of molecules, especially because this gland produces unknown molecules. Thereof, aiming to unravel this poison molecules, we first compared the RNA yield from fresh and two years stored mucous gland secretion. The stored secretion has shown more suitable RNA, which was used to construct a Sanger sequencing transcriptome. It resulted in 6 clones and one of them had a good hit with odorranain pro-peptide region. In order to increase the knowledge about the secretion, we turned to Next Generation Sequencing transcriptome using Illumina technologies and one specimen integument as raw material. The new transcriptome resulted in approximately 131 million raw reads. These reads were filtered so that only those with good quality (Q>20) were used to perform the assembling. The latter step resulted in approximately 130 million reads with 68 bp average length. The reads were grouped into contigs using the assembler. Then, the resulting contigs were submitted to different functional annotation approaches. We unraveled cDNAs encoding peptides and protein with biotechnological application. Besides the omic approach, assays for biochemical characterization including chromatography, electrophoresis and proteolytic assays complemented the identification of a protease for the first time in toad secretions, phospholipase A2, as much as lectins and galectins. Thus, the transcriptome also allowed the identification of cobatoxins, mucins and ficolins. Therefore, this is the first work about the molecular composition of Rhinella schneideri mucous gland poison through avant-garde methodology and biochemical anaylsis. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/15644-3 - Rhinella schneideri mucous gland trascriptome
• Grantee: Priscila Yumi Tanaka Shibao
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master