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| Author(s): |
Fábio de Matos Alves
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2014-11-28 |
| Examining board members: |
Anete Pereira de Souza;
Eliana Regina Forni Martins;
Evandro Vagner Tambarussi;
Elizabeth Ann Veasey;
Valderês Aparecida de Sousa
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| Advisor: | Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori; Anete Pereira de Souza |
| Abstract | |
Chaquenian areas in Brazil have a short range distribution and are found mainly in Mato Grosso do Sul county, South Pantanal region, and it comprehends a narrow coverage, is possibly the main reason for the poor knowledge of these areas. While new projects were conducted in these areas in recent years, the suppression of the remnant areas due to cattle breeding activities has been a source of concern, because there is no conservation units to protect the genetic heritage of the native species those counties, where the Chaco¿s remnants occur. In this scenario, studies aiming to increase the knowledge of the current genetic diversity, specially where environmental disturbing processes take place, provides important data to understand the current situation of the remaining populations. Moreover, with this study it is possible to indicate conservation measures and public politics aiming at the maintenance and conservation Brazilian chaquenian areas. In order to estimate the genetic diversity, molecular markers have been used in several population studies from different vegetation formations, mainly in Brazil. Microsatellites (SSRs) is one of the most popular molecular markers, considerated a versatile and reliable tool. This study aimed a population genetics study with Prosopis rubriflora and P. ruscifolia in Brazilian chaquenian areas with distinct disturbing levels and conducts a mating system study with P. rubriflora. Initially, we built an enriched library of microsatellites from P. rubriflora and P. ruscifolia using leaf tissue to extract genomic material, which allowed to obtain 21 polymorphic markers, where, nine markers were developed for P. rubriflora and 12 for P. ruscifolia. Then, we sampled individuals of both species in 19 remnant areas of Chaco in Mato Grosso do Sul¿s county, with different disturbance levels. We selected one apparently conserved remnant for sampling progenies of P. rubriflora, with two consecutive years of sampling. The genotyping procedure was performed using an automatic sequencer ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzers. Through the genotyped data, we estimated genetic diversity parameters and observed results He = 0.59 for P. rubriflora and He = 0.60 for P. ruscifolia. We were able to detect a bottleneck effect in all remnants of P. rubriflora and also, in most of P. ruscifolia remnant areas. We reported a not significant intrapopulation genetic structure in P. rubriflora (FIS = 0.042) although with moderated structure between-populations (FST= 0.057) was observed, with the separation of two distinct populations for the studied remnants. A low, but significant genetic structure within and a low genetic structure between populations (FIS = 0.138 and FST = 0.042), is reported for P. ruscifolia in this study. The analysis showed an outcrossing mating system for P. rubriflora suggesting a very effective mechanism to prevent inbreeding, even with the pollinators of predominently low dispersion. The species in this study presents a relatively distinct response to environmental disturbance caused by anthropic factors in chaquenhas areas, P. ruscifolia seems to be more vulnerable to degradations as compared to P. rubriflora. Despite this scenario, we hope that these available data will aid into conservation measures for chaquenhas areas, which is distributed in a narrow range in Brazilian¿s territory (AU) | |